Auto oxidation of chloroform in air and sunlight produces a poisonous gas known as

Spontaneous oxidation by oxygen at normal temperature Autoxidation (sometimes auto-oxidation) refers to The common mechanism is a Although autoxidation is usually undesirable it has been exploited in chemical synthesis. In these cases the term 'autoxidation' is often used more broadly to include spontaneous reactions with oxygen at elevated temperatures, such as in the Mechanism [ ] The free radical chain reaction is sometimes referred to as the Bolland-Gee mechanism 2. All of these processes lead to the generation of carbon centred radicals on the polymer chain (R•), typically by abstraction of H from labile C-H bonds. Once the carbon-centred radical has formed, it reacts rapidly with O 2 to give a peroxy radical (ROO•). This in turn abstracts an H atom from a weak C-H bond give a hydroperoxide (ROOH) and a fresh carbon-centred radical. The hydroperoxides can then undergo a number of possible Chain initiation Polymer ⟶ P ∙ + P ∙ In oils and polymers [ ] The autoxidation of unsaturated Conversely, autoxidation can also cause polymers such as plastics to deteriorate. In food [ ] The prevention of autoxidation is important in the food and drink industry and is achieved both by both chemical In industry [ ] In the • in the • the autoxidation of • p-xylene is oxidized to • See also [ ] • References [ ] • Foote, Christopher S. (1996). "2. Autoxidation". Active Oxygen in Chemistry. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp.24–65. 978-94-007-0874-7. • Holman, Ralph T. (January 1954). ...

A transition state (TS) during Raman triggered oxidation of chloroform was directly observed by ultrafast spectroscopy using broadband visible sub-5fs pulses. Changes in the molecular structures including the TSs along the reaction pathways were detected by the time-dependent instantaneous frequencies of vibrational modes. The Raman triggered oxidation of chloroform was found to be initiated by the excitation of vibrational levels through stimulated Raman processes involving the ground-state chloroform–oxygen complex. Introduction It was a chemists’ dream for years to precisely observe the transition states (TS). However, researches in the fields of physical chemistry have recently succeeded to identify reaction intermediates and theoretical analysis helps us to investigate TS. The detailed knowledge of real chemical reactions including TSs will provide us revolutionary way to design reaction processes to improve efficiencies and varieties of products, which are hard to be found in a blind way using conventional methods. To confirm the molecular structure in the TS obtained by theoretical analysis, the direct observation of the TS during chemical reactions has been desired by chemists for many years and realized by ultrafast spectroscopy using ultrashort laser pulses. The development of NOPA (non-collinear optical parametric amplifier) [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] in 2002 has enabled stable generation of visible-near infrared sub-5fs laser pulses in our group [3]. As a typ...

Hint: Chloroform is a volatile, colorless, sweet-smelling liquid used as a solvent and formerly as an anesthetic. It is a man-made by-product when formed chlorine is used to disinfect the water Complete step by step answer: (i)Effect of air and sunlight: Chloroform(\[CHC\]) is a colorless, poisonous gas. Formerly it used to defeat the enemies at the time of the first world war (ii)Reimer-Tiemann reaction: Reimer-Tiemann reaction is a type of substitution reaction. It is generally used for the ortho-formylation of phenols. The simplest example for the Reimer-Tiemann reaction is the conversion of phenol into salicylaldehyde. The reaction is discovered by Karl Reimer and Ferdinand Tiemann Reaction: When phenols is treated with chloroform in the presence of sodium hydroxide, an aldehyde group is introduced at the ortho-position of the benzene ring leading to the formation of o-hydroxybenzaldehyde(salicylaldehyde). The reaction is given below; Note: Hydroxide is not readily soluble in chloroform. So Reimer-tiemann's reaction is generally occurring in the bi-phasic system. Simply, an aqueous hydroxide solution phase and organic solution phase containing chloroform. These two reagents have to separate and must bring together to proceed this reaction.

Incineration of CHCl 3 was investigated at a high temperature under fuel-lean, isothermal conditions. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism describing the oxidation of CHCl 3 is presented. The species CCl 4, C 2Cl 4, CO, CO 2, Cl 2, and HCl were observed as major products for partial conversion of CHCl 3. The experimental results agree with those from modeling at temperatures from 700 to 1280 K. An equation for the destruction efficiency of CHCl 3 was derived in terms of the residence time and the reaction temperature, expressed as an Arrhenius function. Analysis of the measured rates of production of key species was used to discuss the mechanism. The results show that when CHCl 3 is destroyed, it produces the radical CCl 3 and also COCl 2. These are important intermediates in the oxidation of CHCl 3. Citation Excerpt : The calculations thus reveal that CO forms mainly at high temperatures. The oxidation kinetics of CO to CO2 is known not to be fast when the temperature decreases; in practice, moreover, this oxidation is complicated by the presence of chlorine [2]. Excess O2 is used to minimize these drawbacks. The performance of a plasma reactor for the degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbon waste is reported. Chloroform was used as a target for a recently patented destruction process based using an inductive plasma torch. Liquid waste was directly injected axially into the argon plasma with a supplied power of ∼4kW in the presence of oxygen as oxidant and carrier gas. De...