Catatonic stupor

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Catatonia is a group of symptoms that usually involve a lack of movement and communication, and also can include agitation, confusion, and restlessness. Until recently, it was thought of as a type of Catatonia can be treated, but if it’s not, it can lead to life-threatening problems. Symptoms and Diagnosis Doctors can diagnose someone as catatonic if they have any three of these signs: • Not responding to other people or their environment • Not speaking • Holding their body in an unusual position • Resisting people who try to adjust their body • Agitation • Repetitive, seemingly meaningless movement • Mimicking someone else’s speech • Mimicking someone else’s movements Types There are three types of catatonia: • Akinetic catatonia. This is the most common. Someone with akinetic catatonia often stares blankly and won’t respond when you speak to them. If they do respond, it may only be to repeat what you said. Sometimes they sit or lie in an unusual position and won’t move. • Excited catatonia. With this type, the person may move around, but their movement seems pointless and impulsive. They may seem agitated, combative, or delirious, or they may mimic the movements of someone who’s trying to help them. • Malignant catatonia. This type happens when the symptoms lead to other health problems, like dangerous changes in Causes Doctors aren’t sure exactly what makes someone become catatonic. It happens most often with people who have Several physical conditions can lead to catat...

People with catatonic symptoms in schizophrenia exhibit unusual styles and levels of physical movement. For example, such a person may move their body erratically or not at all. This state may continue for minutes, hours, even days. Symptoms of catatonic schizophrenia may include: • • catalepsy (trance seizure with rigid body) • waxy flexibility (limbs stay in the position another person puts them in) • mutism (lack of verbal response) • negativism (lack of response stimuli or instruction) • posturing (holding a posture that fights gravity) • mannerism (odd and exaggerated movements) • stereotypy (repetitive movements for no reason) • • grimacing (contorted facial movements) • • echopraxia (meaningless repetition of another person’s movements) The catatonic state may be punctuated by times of polar opposite behaviors. For example, someone with catatonia may experience brief episodes of: • unexplained excitability • defiance Just because a person has catatonic symptoms doesn’t mean that person has schizophrenia. Causes of catatonia The causes of catatonic disorders vary from person to person, but It isn’t unusual for catatonia to be accompanied by other neurological, psychiatric, or physical conditions. Causes of schizophrenia While causes of schizophrenia are unknown, • genetics • brain chemistry • environment For example, a person who already has a predisposition to the disorder may experience a full episode after a night of engaging in drug use. This is because mind-alte...

х All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible. We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies. If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter. The totality of psychomotor symptoms, the main manifestations of which are immobility, rigidity of the skeletal muscles and refusal to speak, is called a catatonic stupor. Associated, as a rule, with schizophrenia, [ Catatonic stupor can be accompanied by catalepsy, when the patient’s body can be placed in any position, often ridiculous and very uncomfortable, in which he freezes for a long time; negativity, when the patient’s posture cannot be changed because of his opposition. A catatonic stupor with numbness is also distinguished when the patient freezes in one kind of unnatural pose (very often assumes the position of an embryo) and stays in it, without moving or talking. In the vast majority of cases, the stuporous state has a benign course and is quickly stopped by drugs of the benzodiazepine group. Catatonia, a particular case of which is stupor, is a manifestation of a psychotic disorder and is observed in a number of diseases, not only mental and neurological. Severe somatic disea...

What is catatonia? Catatonia is a psychomotor disorder, meaning it involves the connection between mental function and movement. Catatonia affects a person’s ability to move in a normal way. People with catatonia can experience a variety of symptoms. The most common symptom is Catatonia can last anywhere from If catatonia is a symptom of an identifiable cause, it’s called extrinsic. If no cause can be determined, it’s considered intrinsic. The latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) no longer categorizes catatonia into types. However, many mental health professionals may still classify catatonia into three types: akinetic, excited, and malignant. Akinetic catatonia is the most common catatonia form. It causes slow movement. A person with akinetic catatonia may stare into space and often doesn’t speak. These common symptoms can be seen in people with akinetic catatonia. People with excited catatonia appear “sped up,” restless, and agitated. They sometimes engage in self-harming behavior. This form is also known as hyperkinetic catatonia. People with malignant catatonia may experience According to the DSM-5, several conditions may cause catatonia. They include: • neurodevelopmental disorders (disorders affecting the development of the nervous system) • • • • other medical conditions, such as cerebral Medications Catatonia is a rare side effect of some medications used to treat mental illnesses. If you suspect that a medication is c...

• Akinetic: The most common type of catatonia that features a lack of movement, staring, and non-responsive behavior. • Hyperkinetic: This is the excited type of catatonia that involves impulsive movement. • Malignant: This causes the most severe symptoms and can lead to other health problems, and in some instances, it can result in death. • Stupor: Lack of physical movement or speech • Mutism: Non-verbal or very little verbal communication • Posturing: Active maintenance of a posture against gravity • Waxy flexibility: Slight resistance to positioning • Negativism: Opposition or no response to instructions • Stereotypy: Involuntary, rhythmic movement repeatedly performed over time, including body rocking, hand waving, shoulder shrugging, and more • Echolalia: Repeating words said by other people • Echopraxia: Mimicking movements done by other people • Automatic obedience: Exaggerated cooperation on the patient’s part when interacting with another person • Psychiatric disorders: Schizophrenia, mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder, and affective disorder are all underlying conditions that can cause catatonia. • Neurological disorders: Catatonia can be caused by brain disorders like neurodegenerative disease and encephalitis. It can also be triggered by strokes, neoplasms, or other diseases. • Medical conditions: Although psychiatric conditions are the most common underlying cause, some medical conditions can also cause catatonia. Renal failure, progressive...

Catatonia falls under the umbrella of psychomotor disorders, which reflect the connection between brain function and bodily movements. Mental and emotional The fifth edition of the But catatonia can occur with other mental health and medical conditions. No matter how it’s categorized or diagnosed, catatonia remains a real and complex condition that can involve a wide range of symptoms. Learning how to identify catatonia can lead to timely treatment and lower the chances of major health consequences. Catatonia can be both a symptom and a condition. Formally, the DSM-5 doesn’t classify catatonia as a standalone condition, though. But it does recognize three different subtypes: • catatonia with another mental health condition • catatonia with another medical condition • unspecified catatonia In the past, medical and mental health experts recognized three types of catatonia: • excited catatonia, which involved fast, agitated movement • akinetic catatonia, which involved slow movement and often, loss of speech • malignant catatonia, which involved delirium and fever Some care providers still use these terms although it’s no longer the rule. You might also hear it called The DSM-5 doesn’t identify a specific cause of catatonia but it associates it with symptoms of other conditions. Mental health conditions that may include catatonia include: • • • conditions that involve • • Catatonia can also happen with certain medical conditions, including: • head trauma • cerebral folate def...

Catatonia is a disorder that disrupts a person’s awareness of the world around them. People with this condition sometimes react very little or not at all to their surroundings, or might behave in ways that are unusual, unexpected or unsafe to themselves or others. It can have life-threatening complications, but is very treatable with medication or other techniques. Overview What is catatonia? Catatonia is a disorder that disrupts how your brain works, disrupting how a person processes and reacts to the world around them. People with catatonia often don’t react to things happening nearby or may react in ways that seem unusual. Impaired communication, unusual movements or lack of movement, and behavior abnormalities are the most striking features of this condition. Researchers have studied catatonia since German psychiatrist Karl Kahlbaum named and described it in 1874, but it remains highly underdiagnosed. Part of this is because, until recent decades, catatonia was mistakenly believed to only occur in people with schizophrenia. Further challenges to diagnosis include disagreement within psychiatry on how many criteria and which criteria are required to diagnose catatonia. In addition, some catatonic signs, such as agitation and mutism, overlap with other conditions. Who does catatonia affect? Catatonia doesn’t affect any population differently based on race, sex, etc. It’s most common with the following kinds of conditions (more about these conditions is under the Causes a...