Class 9 history forest society and colonialism

Land to be Improved • To meet the demands of increasing population increased, forests were cleared to bring more land under cultivation. • The colonial government focused on increasing cultivation due to mainly two reasons: • Increase in the demand for commercial crops • Cultivated area thus rose by 6.7 million hectares between1880 and 1920. The Rise of Commercial Forestry • The British realised that use of forests by local people and indiscriminate felling of trees by traders would destroy forests. • The Indian Forest Service was set up by Dietrich Brandis in 1864. • In 1906 the Imperial Forest Research Institute was set up at Dehradun. • Under the Forest Act, 1878 forests were divided into reserved, protected and village types. New Trades, New Employments and New Services • People from many communities shifted from their traditional occupations to trading in forest products. • Trade was completely regulated with the advent of the British and only large European trading firms were given rights to trade in forest products of particular areas. The Fears of the People • In 1910, messages inviting villagers to rebel against the British were circulated through mango boughs, a lump of earth, chillies and arrows, between villages. • Bazaars were looted, grain was redistributed, houses of officials and traders, schools and police stations were burnt and robbed. • In order to supress the rebellion, the British troops surrounded the camps of adivasis and flogged and punished all th...

In a world where our natural resources are reducing by large amounts on a daily basis, it is of utmost importance that we learn about our forests and their history. Especially during the British colonial rule in India, the natural resources that forests have been providing us since time immemorial have been commercialised. While this is fantastic for the economy, making use of natural resources to the best of human abilities, it is not as great for the forests. This comes under the chapter of Forest Society and Colonialism Class 9 important points. This chapter touches upon how colonialism has established a need for the commercialisation of all-natural resources available on our planet and explains this in the context of various examples. Despite the fact that we are living in a hyper-industrialized period, woods continue to play an important role in our lives. The paper for your books and copies comes from the forest. The cooking oil, gum, coffee, honey, the fruits you eat, the material with which tires are made, a lot of medicines, timbers, and a whole lot of other things come from the forest. How come so many things are available in the forest? Because forests house a variety of trees, not just one or two kinds. However, the trees in the forest are fast disappearing to make way for the growing population and their cultivation needs. CBSE Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 4 is dedicated to the historical analysis of the forest society in India, how it suffered when ...

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 4 Forest Society and Colonialism are prepared by expert teachers. These solutions contain answers to all questions provided in History (India and the Contemporary World – I) textbook. Students can also download the PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 9 History Chapter 4 for free. Class 9 History Forest Society and Colonialism Questions and Answers Question 1: Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people: • Shifting cultivators • Nomadic and pastoralist communities • Firms trading in timber/forest produce • Plantation owners • Kings/British officials engaged in shikar Answer: Shifting cultivators:European colonists regarded shifting cultivation harmful to the existence of forests. Also, it stood in their way of commercial timber forestry. There was always the chance of fires spreading out of control and burning down all the precious timber. Thus keeping these factors in mind the colonial government banned shifting cultivation. Many of these cultivators lost their livelihood in the process and most were also displaced from their homes in the forest. Nomadic and Pastoralist Communities:Nomadic and pastoralist communities like the Korava, Karacha and Yerukula from the Madras Presidency lost their livelihoods. They were designated as ‘criminal tribes’ by the British authorities and were forced to work in factories, mines and plantations under government supervi...