Concentrated aqueous sulphuric acid

Close menu • Home • Classroom • Staffroom • Science • Collections • Back to parent navigation item • Collections • Sustainability in chemistry • Simple rules • Revision • Teacher well-being hub • LGBT • Women in chemistry • Global science • Escape room activities • Decolonising chemistry teaching • Teaching science skills • Post-lockdown teaching support • Get the print issue • RSC Education Source: Colin Baker With this reaction, there is a time delay of almost one minute before the reaction proceeds. The acid starts to go yellow as the dehydration begins. The rate of dehydration then accelerates as the acid heats up because the reaction is exothermic. As the sugar molecules are stripped of water, the heat generated turns the water into steam which then expands the remaining carbon into a porous, smoking, black column. This expands out of the reaction vessel, producing a choking acrid vapour and the smell of burned sugar. At this stage I normally remind my students that sulfuric acid is highly corrosive and will burn skin so they must avoid contact with it. Kit • 50-60g Granulated sugar, (sucrose), C 12H 2O 11 • 25-30cm 3 Concentrated sulfuric acid, H 2SO 4 • 100cm 3 Beaker • Heat-proof mat Safety Sulfuric acid contact with the eyes or skin can cause permanent damage. Concentrated solutions of acid are extremely corrosive and when sulfuric acid is dissolved in water enough heat is released to make water boil. Sulfur dioxide is toxic in high concentration and is a severe r...

Waste paper is a major contributor to municipal and industrial waste, and its recycle and reuse are a current challenge. The aim of this research is to convert waste paper into value-added cellulose films through rapid dissolution in pre-cooled H 2SO 4 aqueous solution. Two types of waste paper, office paper and cardboard, could be dissolved within 210 s. The regenerated office paper films were transparent, and exhibited excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength: 77.55 ± 6.52 MPa, elongation at break: 2.67 ± 0.30 %, and Young’s modulus: 5451.67 ± 705.23 MPa), which were comparable to those of cellulose films prepared from spruce pulp in the same solvent. The mixed paper films showed a dramatically reduced UV transmittance due to the existence of lignin. Moreover, the regenerated films were a promising matrix to load antimicrobial compounds, and thus inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, this work provides a convenient way to directly convert waste paper into biodegradable antimicrobial packaging materials. Introduction Cellulose is well known to be a renewable natural resource due to its abundance, availability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility (Medronho & Lindman, 2015). Currently, cellulose raw materials are mainly used for the production of paper and cardboard products, and it has been estimated that 400 million tons of waste paper are generated per year (Neelamegam, Al-Battashi, Al-Bahry, & Nallusamy, 2018). The majority of waste paper i...

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\( \newcommand\) • • • • This page gives you the facts and a simple, uncluttered mechanism for the electrophilic addition reactions between sulfuric acid and alkenes like ethene and cyclohexene. The electrophilic addition reaction between ethene and sulfuric acid Alkenes react with concentrated sulfuric acid in the cold to produce alkyl hydrogensulphates. For example, ethene reacts to give ethyl hydrogensulphate. \[ \ce\] The structure of the product molecule is sometimes written as \(CH_3CH_2HSO_4\), b ut the version in the equation is better because it shows how all the atoms are linked up. You may also find it written as \(CH_3CH_2OSO_3H\). All you need to do is to learn the structure of sulfuric acid, and after that the mechanism is exactly the same as the one with hydrogen bromide. As you will find out, the formula of the product follows from the mechanism in an inevitable way. The mechanism for the reaction between ethene and sulfuric acid The hydrogen atoms are attached to very electronegative oxygen atoms which means that the hydrogens will have a slight positive charge while the oxygens will be slightly negative. In the mechanism, we just focus on one of the hydrogen to oxygen bonds, because the other one is too far from the carbon-carbon double bond to be involved in any way. Look carefully at the structure of the product so that you can see how it relates to the various formulae given earlier (CH 3CH 2OSO 2OH etc). The electrophilic addition reaction between cyc...

Sulfuric acid containing limited amounts of water, H 2SO 4.nH 2O with 0.23≤n≤4, has been studied by 1H broad-line NMR at 4 K and MAS NMR at room temperature. The broad-line NMR spectra indicate the formation of H 3O + and HSO 4 - ions. H 2SO 4.2H 2O is correctly written as H 3O +HSO 4 -.H 2O. The results are compared with the Nafion- H/water system. • A. Corma and A. Martinez, Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 35 (1993) 483. • G.A. Olah, G.K.S. Prakash and J. Sommer, Superacids (Wiley, New York, 1985) p. 281, and references therein. • M. Liler, Reaction Mechanisms in Sulphuric Acid and Other Strong Acid Solutions, Organic Chemistry Series 23 (Academic Press, London, 1971) p. 26, and references therein. • T.H. Lowry and K.S. Richardson, Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry (Harper & Row, NewYork, 1976) p. 130. • M. Liler, Reaction Mechanisms in Sulphuric Acid and Other Strong Acid Solutions, Organic Chemistry Series 23 (Academic Press, London, 1971) p. 52, and references therein. • E.B. Robertson and H.B. Dunford, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86 (1964) 5080. • G.A. Olah, G.K.S. Prakash and J. Sommer, Superacids (Wiley, NewYork, 1985) p. 178, and references therein. • R. Buzzoni, S. Bordiga, G. Ricchiardi, G. Spoto and A. Zecchina, J. Phys. Chem. 99 (1995) 11937. • R.A. Robinson and R.H. Stokes, Electrolyte Solutions (Butterworths, London, 1955) p. 369. • T.F. Young and G.E. Walragen, Trans. Faraday Soc. 57 (1961) 34. • R. J. Gillespie, Rev. Pure Appl. Chem. 9 (1959) 1. • N.R. Rao, Indian J. ...

This problem has been solved! You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. See Answer See Answer See Answer done loading Question:A bottle of concentrated aqueous sulfuric acid, labeled 98.0 wt% H2SO4, has a concentration of 18.0 M. a. How many milliliters of reagent should be diluted to 1.000 L to give 1.00 M H2SO4? b. Calculate the density of 98.0 wt% H2SO4.

The Complete Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions Density-Concentration Calculator The Complete Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions Density-Concentration Calculator This calculator calculates for concentration or density values that are between those given in the table below by a process called interpolation. Input a temperature and density within the range of the table to calculate for concentration or input concentration to calculate for density. The table below gives the density (kg/L) and the corresponding concentration (% weight) of Sulfuric Acid (H 2SO 4) solutions in water at different temperatures in degrees centigrade (°C). The table was taken from "Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook" by Robert H. Perry, Don Green, Sixth Edition. The same table is also in the "Handbook of Chemistry and Physics" by David R. Lide, 89th Edition, 2008-2009. Click here for more Density-Concentration Calculators. Temperature Density Concentration °C kg/L % Weight Sulfuric Acid Solutions in Water Temperature in degrees Centigrade (°C) 0°C 10°C 15°C 20°C 25°C 30°C 40°C 50°C 60°C 80°C 100°C Concentration (% Weight) Density (kg/L) 1 1.0074 1.0068 1.0060 1.0051 1.0038 1.0022 0.9986 0.9944 0.9895 0.9779 0.9645 2 1.0147 1.0138 1.0129 1.0118 1.0104 1.0087 1.0050 1.0006 0.9956 0.9839 0.9705 3 1.0219 1.0206 1.0197 1.0184 1.0169 1.0152 1.0113 1.0067 1.0017 0.9900 0.9766 4 1.0291 1.0275 1.0264 1.0250 1.0234 1.0216 1.0176 1.0129 1.0078 0.9961 0.9827 5 1.0364 1.0344 1.0332 1.0317 1.0300 1.0281 1.0240 1.0192...