Difference between mitosis and meiosis class 9

Stages Of Meiosis Definition of Meiosis “Meiosis is the type of cell division that results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.” What is Meiosis? Meiosis is the process in which a single cell divides twice to form four haploid daughter cells. These cells are the gametes – sperms in males and egg in females. The process of meiosis is divided into 2 stages. Each stage is subdivided into several phases. Meiosis I: • Prophase I • Metaphase I • Anaphase I • Telophase I • Cytokinesis I Meiosis II: • Prophase II • Metaphase II • Anaphase II • Telophase II • Cytokinesis II Read on to explore what is meiosis and meiosis cell division along with the different meiosis stages in detail. Also Read: Stages of Meiosis Meiosis cell division takes place in the following stages: Meiosis I Prophase I • The nuclear envelope disintegrates. • Chromosomes begin to condense. • Spindle fibres appear. Prometaphase II Spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes at the Metaphase I The homologous chromosomes align at the equatorial plate ensuring genetic diversity among offspring. Anaphase I The homologous chromosomes are pulled towards the opposite poles. Telophase I • Spindle fibres disappear. • Nuclear envelope is reformed. Cytokinesis I The cytoplasm and the cell division result in 2 non-identical haploid daughter cells. Meiosis II Prophase II • The chromatin condenses into chromosomes. • Nuclear envelope disintegrates. • Centrosomes migrate to eith...

Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides to produce two new cells (the daughters) that are genetically identical to itself. In the context of the cell cycle, mitosis is the part of the division process in which the DNA of the cell's nucleus is split into two equal sets of chromosomes. The great majority of the cell divisions that happen in your body involve mitosis. During development and growth, mitosis populates an organism’s body with cells, and throughout an organism’s life, it replaces old, worn-out cells with new ones. For single-celled eukaryotes like yeast, mitotic divisions are actually a form of reproduction, adding new individuals to the population. In all of these cases, the “goal” of mitosis is to make sure that each daughter cell gets a perfect, full set of chromosomes. Cells with too few or too many chromosomes usually don’t function well: they may not survive, or they may even cause cancer. So, when cells undergo mitosis, they don’t just divide their DNA at random and toss it into piles for the two daughter cells. Instead, they split up their duplicated chromosomes in a carefully organized series of steps. Mitosis consists of four basic phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Some textbooks list five, breaking prophase into an early phase (called prophase) and a late phase (called prometaphase). These phases occur in strict sequential order, and cytokinesis - the process of dividing the cell contents to make tw...

Mitosis and meiosis share some similarities, but the processes have distinct differences as well. Gametes are produced through meiosis, and are crucial to sexual reproduction; these are the egg and sperm cells, as well as spores and pollen. Mitosis is part of the reproduction of every other kind of cell in the body. Mitosis is how we get new skin cells, bone cells, blood cells, and other cells. These are called “somatic cells.” You can tell the difference between mitosis and meiosis by considering the phases that each process includes. Consider what happens in mitosis. Mitosis is the process of creating diploid cells. Without mitotic replication, your body would not be able to heal itself, or even grow. When mitosis happens, your DNA replicates itself. During mitosis, your cells divide and they also exhibit clear phases, which are called interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The basic process of mitosis is as follows: X Research source • First, the DNA condenses into chromosomes and the chromosomes align. • Then, the daughter chromosomes are pulled apart and they move to the cell poles (the edges of the cell). • Last, the cell splits in 2 separate cells, which is also known as cytokinesis. Count the number of divisions. In mitosis, the cells will only divide once. These post-division cells are called daughter cells. Most human cells divide by splitting into 2 new cells. X Research source • Check the number of daughter cells. In mitosis, there should onl...

To put that another way, meiosis in humans is a division process that takes us from a diploid cell—one with two sets of chromosomes—to haploid cells—ones with a single set of chromosomes. In humans, the haploid cells made in meiosis are sperm and eggs. When a sperm and an egg join in fertilization, the two haploid sets of chromosomes form a complete diploid set: a new genome. In many ways, meiosis is a lot like mitosis. The cell goes through similar stages and uses similar strategies to organize and separate chromosomes. In meiosis, however, the cell has a more complex task. It still needs to separate sister chromatids (the two halves of a duplicated chromosome), as in mitosis. But it must also separate homologous chromosomes, the similar but nonidentical chromosome pairs an organism receives from its two parents. For instance, in the image below, the letters A, B, and C represent genes found at particular spots on the chromosome, with capital and lowercase letters for different forms, or alleles, of each gene. The DNA is broken at the same spot on each homologue—here, between genes B and C—and reconnected in a criss-cross pattern so that the homologues exchange part of their DNA. Image of crossing over. Two homologous chromosomes carry different versions of three genes. One has the A, B, and C versions, while the other has the a, b, and c versions. A crossover event in which two chromatids—one from each homologue—exchange fragments swaps the C and c genes. Now, each homol...

Cells of living organisms divide and reproduce genetically in a process called the G1, S, G2, and M phase. During G1, the cell evaluates the initiation of cell division. The S phase is when the cell synthesizes the DNA and replicates its chromosomes. G2 is the phase where the cell checks whether the replication was done correctly and, if not, initiates necessary repairs. Lastly, the M phase is the actual cell division. In eukaryotes, two types of cell divisions exist: differences between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis Meiosis Alternate Names Cell Division / Cellular Division/ Duplication Division/ Equational Division Reduction Division Principle The goal is to multiply cells. No multiplication of cells involved. Type of cell division and occurs in what type of cells Asexual division; Mitosis occurs in Somatic cells (or vegetative cells) are cells that make up the bodies of living organisms, other than the sex cells. Somatic cells include muscle cells, Sexual division; Meiosis occurs in sex cells or gametes. In animals like humans, meiosis takes place in In pistil. Duration Mitosis involves only one cell division that is composed of four major phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Meiosis is quite long as it involves two successive divisions that reduce chromosome number. Basically, it is divided into two: meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis I and II have the same phases as mitosis, which are only different in some events. Number of chromosomes Only one division...

Mitosis and meiosis are two different types of cell division. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells and results in two identical daughter cells with a diploid (2n) number of chromosomes. This process is essential for growth and repair in the body. On the other hand, meiosis occurs in germ cells and produces four non-identical gametes with a haploid (n) number of chromosomes. These gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, are crucial for sexual reproduction and genetic diversity. . Created by Sal Khan. Not quite — reproduction is usually† used to mean the production of new organisms. Mitosis and meiosis are about the production of new cells. Mitosis is the eukaryotic method for producing new cells with the same genetic composition as the mother cell. For single celled eukaryotic organisms (e.g. yeasts) mitosis does result in asexual reproduction, but this not usually true in multicellular eukaryotes. Thus, mitosis is one way§ that asexual reproduction can occur, but only when the cell is an entire organism. In contrast, meiosis is a method for producing new cells with half the number of chromosomes that were found in the mother cell. (Genetic recombination also takes place during meiosis.) These cells typically become gametes in animals (other forms of life are more complicated‡) that then fuse to form zygotes that represent the next generation for that species. This whole process is sexual reproduction, so it would be true to say that meiosis is a part of sexual reproduction. For m...

Here are some of the differences: S.N. Character Mitosis Meiosis 1. Alternate Name Equational Division Reduction Division 2. Discovered by Walther Flemming Oscar Hertwig 3. Type of Cells Involved Somatic cells. Sex cells/germ cells or gametes. 4. Type of Reproduction Asexual division Sexual division 5. Mother Cells Can be either haploid or diploid Always diploid 6. Number of Divisions Mitosis involves only one cell division. Involves two successive divisions. 7. Duration Comparatively shorter. Longer. 8. Number of daughter cells Two Four 9. Result into Diploid (2n) offspring Haploid (n) offspring 10. Reduction in Chromosome Number No reduction in chromosome number. Results in the reduction in chromosome number by half. 11. Genetical Identity Daughter cells are genetically the same. Daughter cells are genetically different due to recombination. 12. Recombination or Crossing over No recombination or crossing over occurs. Crossing over occurs. 13. Leads to formation of Everything other than sex cells. Sex cells only: female egg cells or male sperm cells. 14. Steps Involved Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase. (Meiosis 1) Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I; (Meiosis 2) Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II and Telophase II. 15. Interphase Interphase occurs prior to each division. Interphase precedes in only Meiosis I. It does not occur prior to Meiosis II. 16. DNA replication during Interphase Takes place during Interphase. Takes place during Interphase I b...

As we all know, the growth and reproduction of organisms happen via cell division. Similarly, the new cells are produced in eukaryotic cells because of mitosis and meiosis. Further, the nuclear division processes of mitosis and meiosis are quite similar but also very distinct. Thus, it becomes important to know the 3.2.1 FAQs about Mitosis And Meiosis Definition of Mitosis The genetic material (DNA) in a cell duplicates and divides equally between two cells in mitosis. After that, the dividing cell will go through a structured sequence of events known as the cell cycle. Further, the presence of specific growth factors or other signals indicating the requirement of production of new cells initiates the mitotic cell cycle. In addition, through Definition of Meiosis Meiosis refers to the process in which gametes (sex cells) generate in organisms that reproduce sexually. In order to understand the difference between mitosis and meiosis, we must learn what they actually mean. Thus, as you know, gametes produce in male and female gonads and comprise of one-half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Moreover, the genetic recombination that takes place during the course of Difference Between Mitosis And Meiosis Important Difference Between Mitosis And Meiosis Basis of Comparison Mitosis Meiosis Meaning It refers to the cell division that forms two daughter cells each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the parent cell. It refers to the cell division which for...