Fructose chemical formula

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • • • • Carbohydrates are essential macromolecules that are classified into three subtypes: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Key Points • Monosaccharides are simple sugars made up of three to seven carbons, and they can exist as a linear chain or as ring-shaped molecules. • Glucose, galactose, and fructose are monosaccharide isomers, which means they all have the same chemical formula but differ structurally and chemically. • Disaccharides form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction (a condensation reaction); they are held together by a covalent bond. • Sucrose (table sugar) is the most common disaccharide, which is composed of the monomers glucose and fructose. • A polysaccharide is a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds; the chain may be branched or unbranched and can contain many types of monosaccharides. Key Terms • isomer: Any of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structure. • dehydration reaction: A chemical reaction in which two molecules are covalently linked in a reaction that generates H2O as a second product. • biopolymer: Any macromolecule of a living organism that is formed from the polymerization of smaller entities; a polymer that occurs in a living organism or results from life. Carbohydrates can be represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH 2O) n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule. Therefore, the ratio of carbon to h...

Learning Outcomes • Describe the structure and function of carbohydrates. • Identify functional groups of carbohydrates. • Give general name for a carbohydrate molecule (i.e. aldotetrose, ketopentose, etc) • Label carbohydrates as either D- or L-enantiomers. • Draw the mirror image of a carbohydrate molecule. • Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. • Describe the structure of complex carbohydrates. • Recognize how carbohydrates determine blood type. The brain is a marvelous organ. And it's a hungry one, too. The major fuel for the brain is the carbohydrate glucose. The average adult brain represents about \(2\%\) of our body's weight, but uses \(25\%\) of the glucose in the body. Moreover, specific areas of the brain use glucose at different rates. If you are concentrating hard, (taking a test, for example) certain parts of the brain need a lot of extra glucose while other parts of the brain only use their normal amount. Something to think about. As a child, you may have been told that sugar is bad for you. Well, that's not exactly true. Essentially, carbohydrates are made of sugar, from a single sugar molecule to thousands of sugar molecules all attached together. Why? One reason is to store energy. But that does not mean you should eat it by the spoonful. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are organic compounds that contain only carbon \(\left( \ce \right)\). They contain a chain of carbons, an aldehyde or a ketone, and hydroxyl groups. Every ...

Highlights • Fructose is a type of sugar known as a monosaccharide. • Like other sugars, fructose provides four calories per gram. • Fructose is also known as “fruit sugar” because it primarily occurs naturally in many fruits. It also occurs naturally in other plant foods such as honey, sugar beets, sugar cane and vegetables. • Fructose is the sweetest naturally occurring carbohydrate and is 1.2–1.8 times sweeter than sucrose (table sugar). • Fructose metabolism does not require insulin and has a low impact on blood glucose levels. There are many different types of sugars, some of which are more common than others. Fructose is a type of sugar known as a monosaccharide, or a “single” sugar, like glucose. Monosaccharides can bond together to form disaccharides, the most common of which is 6H 12O 6) but have different molecular structures, which makes fructose 1.2–1.8 times sweeter than sucrose. In fact, fructose is the sweetest naturally occurring carbohydrate. In nature, fructose is most often found as part of sucrose. Fructose is also found in plants as a monosaccharide, but never without the presence of other sugars. Where does fructose come from? Sometimes called “fruit sugar,” fructose is a naturally occurring sugar found primarily in fruits (such as apples, dates, figs, pears and prunes), but also in vegetables (such as artichokes, asparagus, mushrooms, onions and red peppers), honey, sugar beets and sugar cane. Pure fructose is produced commercially from corn or sucro...

While fructose and glucose have the same calorific value, the two sugars are metabolized differently in the body. Fructose has a lower Fructose is a simple sugar commonly found in Glucose, also known as grape or blood sugar, is present in all major carbohydrates like starch and table sugar. While both are a good source of energy, excess of glucose can be fatal to diabetic patients, and excess of fructose can lead to Differences — Similarities — Fructose versus Glucose comparison chart Fructose Glucose Other names Blood sugar, dextrose, corn sugar, grape sugar Kind of sugar Simple sugar (monosaccharide) Simple Molecular formula C6H12O6 C6H12O6 functional group ketone aldehyde Uses Source of energy. Often added to food and drinks to improve taste. Source of energy. Fuels cellular respiration. Produced by Photosynthesis, the breakdown of glycogen. Vast quantities produced artificially in the lab by the food industry. Photosynthesis, the breakdown of glycogen. Sources Honey, flowers, berries, most root vegetables. All major carbohydrates Molar mass 180.16 g/mol 180.16 g/mol Density 1.694 g/cm3 1.54 g/cm3 Melting point 103 °C α-D-glucose: 146 °C, β-D-glucose: 150 °C CAS number 57-48-7 50-99-7 Y Fruits and vegetables are a natural source of fructose. Calories 1 ounce of fructose contains 104 1 ounce of glucose contains 110 calories. Effects on the Body Excessive consumption of fructose has been linked to insulin resistance, obesity and non-alcoholic liver disease. Studies sugges...