Hip joint anatomy

The sacroiliac (SI) joints connect the sacrum at the base of the spine to the hip bone. They provide a great deal of strength to modulate powerful forces between the upper and lower body. 1 Vleeming A, Schuenke MD, Masi AT, Carreiro JE, Danneels L, Willard FH. The sacroiliac joint: an overview of its anatomy, function and potential clinical implications. J Anat. 2012;221(6):537-567. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2012.01564.x , 2 Wong M, Sinkler MA, Kiel J. Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Sacroiliac Joint. [Updated 2020 Aug 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507801/ These joints also protect the lowest motion segment of the spine, L5-S1, through their limited motion and the very strong ligaments that interconnect with the L5-S1 segment. An extensive architecture of tough and resilient ligaments helps support the sacroiliac joints, permitting stable, yet flexible support to the upper body. Sacroiliac joint dysfunction is improper movement of the joints at the bottom of the spine that connect the sacrum to the pelvis. It can result in pain in the low back and legs, or inflammation of the joints known as The Hypomobility, or too little movement in the joint, can be caused by degenerative joint diseases such as arthritis. When the sacroiliac joints overcompensate for problems in nearby joints, they may become painful. For example, many lumbar spinal fusion patients have sacroiliac ...

• 1. Hirji Z, Hunjun JS, Choudur HN. Imaging of the bursae. (2011) Journal of clinical imaging science. 1: 22. • 2. Steinbach LS, Schneider R, Goldman AB, Kazam E, Ranawat CS, Ghelman B. Bursae and abscess cavities communicating with the hip. Diagnosis using arthrography and CT. (1985) Radiology. 156 (2): 303-7.

• There are several types of hip arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and post-traumatic arthritis. • The causes of hip arthritis vary depending on the type. The most common cause is age-related wear and tear in the hip joint. • Symptoms of hip arthritis may include pain in or near the hip joint, stiffness, audible clicking sounds when moving the hip, and weakness. • While hip arthritis is usually a chronic condition, there are treatments to help ease the symptoms and reduce further damage. If your quality of life suffers, surgery such as hip replacement can provide long-term relief. What is hip arthritis? Hip arthritis is deterioration of the cartilage of the hip joint. The hip is a ball-and-socket joint with the ball at the top of the thighbone (the femoral head). The ball is separated from the socket (the acetabulum) by cartilage. The cartilage acts as a slippery coating between the ball and the socket that allows the ball to glide and rotate smoothly when the leg moves. The labrum, a strong cartilage that lines the outer rim of the socket, provides stability. When cartilage in the hip is damaged, it becomes rough. Thinning of cartilage narrows the space between the bones. In advanced cases, bone rubs on bone, and any movement can cause pain and stiffness. When there is friction at any point between bones, it can also lead to bone spurs — bone growths on the edges of a bone that change its shape. Stages of Osteoarthritis of the ...

The hip joint is a ball and socket Hip Joint • Diarthrodial joint with its inherent stability dictated primarily by its osseous components/articulations. • Primary function of the hip joint is to provide dynamic support the weight of the body/trunk while facilitating force and load transmission from the axial skeleton to the lower extremities, allowing mobility • Typically works in a Motions Available [ | ] The hip joint connects the lower extremities with the axial skeleton. The hip joint allows for movement in three major axes, all of which are perpendicular to one another. • The location of the center of the entire axis is at the femoral head. • The transverse axis permits flexion and extension movement. • The longitudinal axis, or vertically along the thigh, allows for internal and external rotation. • The sagittal axis, or forward to backward, allows for abduction and adduction. In addition to movement, the hip joint facilitates weight-bearing. Hip stability arises from several factors. • Shape of the acetabulum - Due to the depth of the acetabulum, it can encompass almost the entire head of the femur. 2. Acetabular labrum (fiibrocartilaginous collar surrounding the acetabulum) which provides the following functions: • Load transmission • Negative pressure maintenance (i.e., the "vacuum seal") to enhance hip joint stability • Regulation of synovial fluid hydrodynamic properties The capsular ligaments include • Iliofemoral ligament (also known as the Y ligament of Bige...

Normal Hip Joint vs. Arthritic Hip Joint The femur is the upper leg bone or thigh. It is the largest bone in the body. At the top of the femur is a rounded protrusion which articulates with the pelvis. This portion is referred to as the head of the femur, or femoral head. There are two other protrusions near the top of the femur, known as the greater and lesser trochanters. The muscles involved in hip motion are attached to the joint at these trochanters. The acetabulum is a concave area in the pelvis, into which the femoral head fits. The pelvis is a girdle of bones, connected at the front by cartilage pad, called the pubis, and at the back by the lowest four fused vertebrae (the sacrum). The sacro-iliac joints are located where the sacrum meets the pelvis. The bone surfaces of the femoral head and acetabulum have a smooth durable layer of articular cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones and allows for smooth movement. Hip joint capsule or socket Hip capsule (socket) illustration (image courtesy of: You may hear your hip surgeon refer to the capsule or socket, when describing the structure of the hip joint. The joint capsule is a thick ligamentous structure surrounding the entire joint. Inside the capsule, the surfaces of the hip joint are covered by a thin tissue called the synovial membrane. This membrane nourishes and lubricates the joint. Ligaments As noted above, the stability of the hip joint is directly related to its muscles and ligaments. The most notable ...

Hip Rehabilitation Exercises handout Bursae are small, jelly-like sacs that are located throughout the body, including around the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and heel. They contain a small amount of fluid, and are positioned between bones and soft tissues, acting as cushions to help reduce friction. Bursitis is inflammation of the bursa. There are two major bursae in the hip that typically become irritated and inflamed. One bursa covers the bony point of the hip bone called the greater trochanter. Inflammation of this bursa is called trochanteric bursitis. Another bursa — the iliopsoas bursa — is located on the inside (groin side) of the hip. When this bursa becomes inflamed, the condition is also sometimes referred to as hip bursitis, but the pain is located in the groin area. This condition is not as common as trochanteric bursitis but is treated in a similar manner. The main symptom of trochanteric bursitis is pain at the point of the hip. The pain usually extends to the outside of the thigh area. In the early stages, the pain is usually described as sharp and intense. Later, the pain may become more of an ache and spread across a larger area of the hip. Typically, the pain is worse at night, when lying on the affected hip, and when getting up from a chair after being seated for a while. It also may get worse with prolonged walking, stair climbing, or squatting. Risk Factors Hip bursitis can affect anyone, but it is more common in women and middle-aged or elderly people...

Hip and thigh (posterior view) If you’ve ever watched the videos for Shakira’s Hips don’t lie or Justin Timberlake’s Can’t stop the feeling, you must’ve wondered how these artists can create such a wide range of hip movements. Well, they have exactly the same anatomy as all of us who use those muscles to support us while we spend countless hours sitting studying the textbooks. Shakira and Justin just use the hip and thigh anatomy to its full potential. In this page, we will focus on the Key facts about the hip and thigh Pelvis Bones: hip bones, sacrum, coccyx Joints: pubic symphysis, sacroiliac, sacrococcygeal Femur Proximal end, shaft, distal end Hip joint Ball and socket joint formed by the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis Ligaments: annular ligament of the hip, transverse acetabular, iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral Hip muscles Gluteal muscles: gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae Inner hip muscles: iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor, obturator externus, obturator internus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, piriformis, quadratus femoris muscles Thigh muscles Anterior thigh muscles: sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius Posterior thigh muscles: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus Medial thigh muscles: gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus [Hip joint (overview)] The femur and the acetabulum of the pelvi...

Hip Anatomy, Function and Common Problems Front View of the Hip Joint Bones Normally, a smooth cushion of shiny white hyaline (or articular) cartilage about 1/4 inch thick covers the femoral head and the acetabulum. The articular cartilage is kept slick by fluid made in the synovial membrane (joint lining). Synovial fluid and articular cartilage are a very slippery combination—3 times more slippery than skating on ice and 4 to 10 times more slippery than a metal on plastic hip replacement. Synovial fluid is what allows us to flex our joints under great pressure without wear. Since the cartilage is smooth and slippery, the bones move against each other easily and without pain. When the cartilage is damaged, whether secondary to osteoarthritis (wear-and-tear type arthritis) or trauma, joint motion can become painful and limited. The hip joint is one of the largest joints in the body and is a major weight-bearing joint. Weight bearing stresses on the hip during walking can be 5 times a person’s body weight. A healthy hip can support your weight and allow you to move without pain. Changes in the hip from disease or injury will significantly affect your gait and place abnormal stress on joints above and below the hip. It takes great force to seriously damage the hip because of the strong, large muscles of the thighs that support and move the hip. Anatomical Terms • Anterior — the abdominal side (front) of the hip • Posterior — the back side of the hip • Medial — the side of the...