Hydrosphere

The four spheres of the Earth. • The four spheres of the Earth are: the lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere • The biosphere includes all living life on Earth: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera • All four spheres must work in harmony to allow for the balance of life to succeed of Earth. Any threat to one sphere, will have drastic effects on the others. The earth can be split into one of four major subsystems, namely: land, water, air, and all living things. These categories are known as spheres, and are the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere, respectively. The first three of these spheres are abiotic, meaning they are not living things, while the fourth - the biosphere - contains all biotic, or living creatures and organisms (everything from plants, to animals, to bacteria). Atmosphere The atmosphere of Earth, which we casually refer to as simply ‘air’, is actually made up of a mixture of gases and vapours. The Earth’s atmosphere forms a barrier, or bubble around the Earth, and is held there by the force of gravity. This keeps the vapours of the atmosphere from escaping into outer space. It is also this atmosphere which makes the earth inhabitable. The combination of chemicals in the air, as well as the way in which the atmosphere creates a barrier between the Earth and the harmful rays of the sun, makes an environment in which animals, plants and human life can thrive. The layers of the Earth's atmosphere. The atmosphere can be separa...

A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice. On Earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes, and rivers. It also exists below ground—as groundwater, in wells and aquifers. Water vapor is most visible as clouds and fog. The frozen part of Earth's hydrosphere is made of ice: glaciers, ice caps and icebergs. The frozen part of the hydrosphere has its own name, the cryosphere. Water moves through the hydrosphere in a cycle. Water collects in clouds, then falls to Earth in the form of rain or snow. This water collects in rivers, lakes and oceans. Then it evaporates into the atmosphere to start the cycle all over again. This is called the water cycle.

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\( \newcommand\) • • Hydrosphere and Cryosphere The hydrosphere includes all the waters on the Earth's surface, such as oceans, lakes, rivers, streams, and groundwater. 97% of all water on earth is seawater (discussed in Chapter 7). The cryosphere is the frozen water on Earth including glaciers, sea ice, snow, freshwater ice, and frozen ground (permafrost). The hydrologic cycle illustrates the movement of water through the hydrosphere and cryosphere. The movement of water and ice erodes the land surface and provides ocean basins with sediment. Dissolved materials become the salt in seawater. Salts in seawater are concentrated as water evaporates and later falls as precipitation, with most of it falling back into the ocean. The rest falls on land and becomes ice, runoff, groundwater, or is absorbed and released by living things, mostly plants. Figure 3.6. The hydrologic cycle illustrates the movement of water through the hydrosphere and cryosphere. The Biosphere The term biosphere is the regions of the Earth occupied by living organisms. Life as we know it requires liquid water. So far, a biosphere is only known on Earth. Earth's biosphere encompasses the land's surface, oceans and surface waters (including the seabed in the deepest parts of the ocean basins). Life is found in the lower atmosphere (considering birds, flying insects, and wind-blown pollen and microbes), and deep underground,such in caverns, and even deeper where microbes have been found in groundwater and in...

1. Build background on the concept of the hydrosphere. Display the Water Planet Mega Map, from the World Physical MapMaker Kit, on the wall. Ask: What is the sphere means “range of something” and hydro means “water.” Using the Mega Map to demonstrate, have small groups of students use their World Physical Tabletop Maps, also from the World Physical MapMaker Kit, to locate and label the hydrosphere. Students will likely only label the surface water of oceans, lakes, and rivers. Explain that these areas where water is temporarily stored are called Other than on the surface of Earth, where are other water reservoirs? Explain to students that the hydrosphere also includes reservoirs of water below ground and in the Even though the map shows one, is there an actual boundary between the ocean and land? Elicit explanations from students and conclude that water connects the land, ocean, and atmosphere. Explain that in this activity they will be exploring this concept of “interconnectedness” by learning about the hydrosphere. 2. Introduce Earth as the “blue planet” and identify the major ocean basins. Have students analyze their Tabletop Maps. Ask: Why is Earth referred to as the “blue planet?” Explain that the “blue” ocean is the dominant feature on Earth—covering 70 percent of the planet’s surface and holding 97 percent of the Earth’s water. On their Tabletop Maps, have students label and outline the six major 3. Discuss the interconnectedness of the hydrosphere. State that water...

Hydrosphere, According to research, approximately 71% of the planet is covered in water. It can be found in oceans, streams, lakes, and rivers. It is also stored as groundwater. Also, part of the quantity is encased in ice. It also occurs in the atmosphere as water vapour. So all the water that exists on Earth is called the hydrosphere. So it’s an element of Earth’s water. It is defined as the total amount of water on the Earth. This includes water on the planet’s surface, underground, and air. Also, this part of the Earth is made up of liquid, vapour, and ice. What is Hydrosphere ? It is the part of the Earth made up of all the liquid water we find. It includes bodies of water such as oceans, oceans, lakes, ponds, rivers and streams. In other words, the oceans cover only about 71% of the Earth’s surface, so the hydrosphere is very large. The movement of the hydrosphere and water exchange between the hydrosphere and the cryosphere is the foundation of the water cycle. In addition, continual water flow and exchange help transport hot water from the poles to the tropics, forming currents that regulate the Earth’s temperature. It turns out that water exchange is an integral element of the hydrosphere. Most notably, the hydrosphere is mostly water. Furthermore, some impurities and additives contain dissolved minerals, gases and particles. Some are considered pollution, while others are important to ecosystem health. For example, too much sedimentation is hazardous to the envir...

The hydrosphere includes all the water parts on the planet. It includes water on the surface, sub-surface, and water vapor in the atmosphere. The hydrosphere and the atmosphere are known as the fluid spheres. These spheres are the liquid and gas components of the earth. QUESTION: Water vapor from the oceans is gas but also water. Which sphere does water vapor belong to? Atmosphere or Hydrosphere? Discuss this with your class. Think of all the water in the oceans and seas, including all the frozen water and ice (cryosphere). Also think of all the lakes, lagoons, rivers, and ponds, as well as water in the water table beneath the surface of the earth. They are all part of the hydrosphere and together they cover more than 70% of the surface of the earth. The hydrosphere is also in infinite processes every day. The water cycle is one way to understand how the hydrosphere functions and supports other spheres. Consider the illustration below: The oceans and water bodies absorb the sun’s energy and warm up. Transpiration by trees and Evaporation of surface water occurs. The water vapor in the atmosphere condenses (condensation) to form rain clouds and comes down as rain (precipitation). The rains fall back on land and into water bodies (run-off) again and they all run back into the ocean for the cycle to continue. A complete water cycle takes time. Other spheres are impacted in many ways during the water cycle.