Mamluk dynasty

Khaljī dynasty, also spelled Khiljī, (1290–1320), the second ruling The appointment of Jalāl al-Dīn by the last Mamluk king, Kay-Qubādh, had caused a stir because he was outside the dynasty’s ruling class. As the ruling class and the nobles backing Jalāl al-Dīn sparred, Jalāl al-Dīn’s faction killed Kay-Qubādh and usurped the throne. Jalāl al-Dīn was already elderly, and for a time he was so unpopular that he dared not enter the capital. His nephew Jūnā Khan led an

• ClearIAS • What we offer: • Free Resources • Premium Resources • Courses • All Courses • Prelims Programs • Mains Programs • Interview Programs • PCM • Prelims cum Mains: Target 2024 • Prelims cum Mains: Target 2025 • Prelims cum Mains: Target 2026 • Prelims cum Mains: Target 2027 • PTS • UPSC Prelims Test Series 2024 • UPSC PYQ GS • UPSC PYQ CSAT • Study Materials • ClearIAS Blog • FREE Study Materials • Guidance Articles • UPSC Books • UPSC PDFs • ClearIAS Courses • ClearIAS Mobile Apps • UPSC • UPSC • UPSC Syllabus • UPSC Exams • UPSC Results • UPSC FAQs • Toppers • Reviews • UPSC Toppers • What’s New? • Latest Updates • New Courses • Login The first Islamic rulers of India were from the slave dynasty or the mamluks of the Delhi sultanate in India. Read here to know about the mamluks. • Qutb ud-Din Aibak became ruler of Delhi in 1206, establishing the Sultanate of Delhi, which marked the start of the Mamluk dynasty • Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha became ruler of Multan in 1210. • Tajuddin Yildiz became ruler of Ghazni. • Ikhtiyar Uddin Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji became ruler in parts of Bengal. Qutbuddin Aibak, a Turkish slave of Muizzuddin Muhammad of Ghor was instrumental in consolidating northern India and was the de facto ruler of Delhi. The slave generals started a civil war amongst themselves in hopes of gaining the whole empire. Yildiz marched to Punjab from Ghazni, intending to take control of the region of India but Aibak marched against him and forced him to retre...

The The Mamluk rulers (1250–1517) During the Mamluk period Egypt became the unrivaled political, economic, and cultural centre of the eastern Arabic-speaking zone of the Mamluk legitimacy also rested on the regime’s early military successes, particularly those against the Mongols, who were seen by many contemporaries as undefeatable and as a threat to the very existence of Political life The political history of the Mamluk state is complex; during their 264-year reign, no fewer than 45 Mamluks gained the sultanate, and once, in desperate circumstances, a caliph (in 1412) was briefly installed as sultan. At times individual Mamluks succeeded in establishing Nevertheless, several sultans succeeded in harnessing the energies of the Mamluk system to establish internal stability and to embark on foreign conquests. Soon after the Mamluk victory over the Mongols at ʿAyn Jālūt in 1260, Although the state began to decline politically and economically after the death of Nāṣir in 1341, Egypt continued to dominate the eastern Arab world. But the Qāʾit Bāy (reigned 1468–96) failed to make Egypt strong enough to defend its Syrian provinces against raids by the Turkoman states of

- Advertisement - The Mamluk Sultanate was a medieval feudal state in the Middle East, which existed from 1250 to 1517. The sultanate was formed as a result of the seizure of power in Cairo by the Mamluks, who overthrew the Ayyubid dynasty. In 1382, the caste of the Mamluks arranged a coup and proclaimed their representative, a native of Circassia, as Sultan. The Circassian dynasty of Bahri ruled the Mamluks sultanate until the end of its existence. In 1517, the Sultanate was conquered by the Ottoman Empire. Egypt achieved autonomous status. IIt was ruled by the Turkish governors – the Pasha. The Mamluks’ were the majority of Egyptian troops under the Ayyubids. Each sultan and high-ranking emir had his own personal corps, and the sultan as-Salih Ayub (1240-1249) relied especially on them. His Mamluks, numbering from 800 to 1000 horsemen, were called Bahri, since their barracks were located on the Nile island of Rhoda. They were mostly Kypchaks, originating from the steppes of the Northern Black Sea coast. In 1249, Louis IX led a crusade to Egypt, captured Damietta and slowly advanced south. At this time, as-Salih Ayyub died, and his son Turan-shah succeeded him. But before the arrival of the new Sultan to the front, the Mamluks-Bahrites defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Mansour and captured Louis in 1250. Turan Shah empowered people in his entourage, particularly from the personal guards of Musazia, infringing upon the interests of the Bakhrites. On May 2, 1250, four...

The Mamluk Dynasty arose from what might be argued unlikely origins; slaves. These slaves were soldiers who served the Abbasid Caliphate, a Muslim Dynasty. When the Abbasids went into a decline, the Mamluk's took advantage of their weakened state and in 1250 CE established the Muslum Mamluk Sultanate. The Mamluk Dynasty can be divided into two; Bahri Mamluk Dynasty followed by the Burji Mamluks. The Mamluk Sultanate included Egypt and Syria and reigned over these lands until 1517 CE when the Ottoman Turks conquered the Mamluks and took their lands for themselves. Let us learn a little about the Mamluk Dynasty through their art and architecture. An exquisitely decorated bowl made by the Bahri Mamluks in Egypt circa 13th century CE The Mamluks were skilled artisans. They ornamented items such as glazed bowls, plates, armor, and weapons with Arabic calligraphy and intricate design motifs often inspired by the natural world, such as vines, flowers, and stars. Let's look at some specific examples of Mamluk architecture. The Funerary Complex of Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay in the 1850s. Note the ornamented domes characteristic of Mamluk architecture The Funerary Complex of Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay can be found in the Northern Cemetery in Cairo, Egypt. Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay (r. 1468 CE to 1496 CE) was a Burji Mamluk who commissioned a plethora of building projects that can be found throughout portions of the Middle East. The funerary complex that he had constructed in Cairo includ...

• The inception of the Delhi Sultanate began with the rise and consolidation of the Mamluk dynasty. • The Khilji dynasty was of Turko-Afghan heritage, and its rulers were originally of Turkic origin. • The Tughluq dynasty or Tughlaq dynasty lasted from 1320 to nearly the end of the 14th century. New Delhi: The Delhi Sultanate in India and its impact on the societal condition of the subcontinent is something that gets overshadowed by its successor, the more glorious and happening Mughal Empire. While the reason behind it being pushed to the back seat is understandable (really hard to look past the Mughals), the reign of the Delhi Sultanate is by no means insignificant. Rather, it led to an influx of culture and drew the Indian subcontinent more closely into international and multicultural Islamic social and economic networks. It concretely started the assimilation of the Islam religion into Indian demography, and also, saved the land from Mongol attacks multiple times. Delhi Sultanate was colourful and it can be said without a shade of doubt that it contained all the necessary ingredients to make for a compelling chapter in the infinite and continuously expanding book of history. The rise and fall of the Delhi Sultanate The long tale began with the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 when the Ghurid conqueror Muhammad Ghori defeated the Rajput Confederacy led by Prithviraj Chauhan. The Delhi Sultanate that came into being in the subsequent years was originally one among a numbe...

The Mamluk sultanate (1250–1517) emerged from the weakening of the Ayyubid realm in Egypt and Syria (1250–60). mamluk, literally “owned,” or slave) soldiers for military organization, yet mamluks of Qipchaq Turkic origin eventually overthrew the last independent Ayyubid sultan in Egypt, Turan Shah (r. 1249–50), and established their own rule. Their unusual political system did not rely entirely on family succession to the throne—slaves were also recruited into the governing class. Hence the name of the sultanate later given by historians. Following the defeat of Mamluk history is divided into two periods based on different dynastic lines: the Bahri Mamluks (1250–1382) of Qipchaq Turkic origin from southern Russia, named after the location of their barracks on the Nile ( al-bahr, literally “the sea,” a name given to this great river), and the Burji Mamluks (1382–1517) of Caucasian Circassian origin, who were quartered in the citadel ( al-burj, literally “the tower”). After receiving instruction in Arabic, the fundamentals of Islam, and the art of warfare, slaves in the royal barracks were manumitted and given responsibilities in the Mamluk hierarchy. Art and Architecture under the Bahri Mamluks (1250–1382) The Bahri reign defined the art and architecture of the entire Mamluk period. Prosperity generated by the east-west trade in silks and spices supported the Mamluks’ generous patronage. Despite periods of internal struggle, there was tremendous artistic and architectural a...

The Mamluks under the Ottomans (1517–1798) With the Ottoman victories over the Mamluks in 1516–17, One major To the degree that the Ottoman governors were able to exploit Mamluk divisiveness, they were able to retain some degree of influence in the government of Egypt. But near the end of the 17th century, when Ottoman power was in decline throughout the empire, the Mamluks once again held virtual control over the army, the revenues, and the government. Eventually, This article was most recently revised and updated by

Founder of Slave Dynasty The foundation of the Slave Dynasty was laid in the year 1206 by Qutubuddin Aibak, He was a slave of Mohammad Gauri, but the Dynasty was fully expanded by Sultan Iltutmish. Why Mamluk dynasty is called as slave dynasty? This dynasty is called a Slave dynasty because all its rulers were slaves of some one like Qutubuddin Aibak was a slave of Slave Dynasty Rulers • Qutubuddin Aibak • Aram shah • Shamsuddin Iltutmish • Ruknuddin Firoz • Razia Sultan • Bahram shah • Alauddin Masud shah • Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah • Ghiyasuddin Balban • Muizuddin Qaiqabad Qutubuddin Aibak Aibak was the first ruler of the Slave dynasty and he and belong to a Turkish tribe, In childhood, he used to live in Nishapur then a merchant bought him as a slave from Nishapur after that Muhammad ghori bought him from the merchant. Qutubuddin Aibak was a loyal slave of Muhammad ghori and it is said that Muhammad ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan with help of aibak, therefore he was called a loyal slave of Ghori, and when ghori decided to leave India, he gave all his conquered land to Aibak. Aibak declared his capital to Lahore because all the Invaders used to attacks from the Lahore side. There was a tradition in the Islamic empire, that if any Muslim wants to become a ruler, so he must have the permission of the caliphate, but aibak did not take any permission from the caliphate, without permission he ruled for 4 years. Qutubuddin aibak is also known as Lakh Baksh because he used to d...