Mention the different classes of pteridophytes with an example for each class

The phylum pteridophyta is a group of vascular plants with a life cycle that alternates between sporophytes and gametophytes. Learn about ferns and their relatives; the defining characteristics of pteridophyta; lycophytes; whisk ferns, horsetails, and true ferns; and the life cycle of pteriodophyta. Updated: 11/29/2021 When the first vascular plants successfully rooted themselves into the early Earth's soil 400 million years ago, they looked a little like pteridophytes. Vascular plants are plants that have food-transporting phloem and water-transporting xylem tissues. Most pteridophytes have vascular tissue in their stems and roots. The life cycle of pteridophytes is probably best exemplified by the general life cycle of the fern. Ferns have a life cycle that alternates from a mature adult to an immature fern. We use the term sporophyte for the mature adult, and gametophyte for the immature baby fern. When you think of a sporophyte, think of the part of the fern that you can see. The leaves and stems of a fern comprise the adult sporophyte, but you would have to get down on your hands and knees and search in the soil to find the tiny, growing gametophyte. Pteridophytes are a diverse paraphyletic group of seedless, vascular plants that have an alternation of generations between a sporophyte and a gametophyte. The major groups include lycophytes (clubmosses, quillworts, and spikemosses), which has a long and fascinating fossil history, with some examples of ancient clubmosse...

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Pteridophytes is made up of two words: “pteron,” which means “feather,” and “phyton,” which means “plant.” Plants having feather-like leaves are known as Pteridophytes. Their first traces were discovered in the late paleozoic Silurian epoch. Between bryophytes and spermatophytes, pteridophytes occupy a transitional position. Vascular plants have been split into two groups for a long time: pteridophyta and spermatophyta. The rationale behind this division was that the former lacked seeds while the latter generated them. However, the discovery of pteridophytes (seed-bearing ferns) shattered this artificial categorization. Pteridophyta Pteridophytes (ferns and lycophytes) are free-sporing vascular plants having a life cycle that alternates between free-living gametophyte and sporophyte phases that mature to be independent. The anatomy of the sporophyte is neatly split into roots, stems, and leaves. The root system is always in a state of flux. The stem can be found underground or above ground. There are two types of leaves: microphylls and megaphylls. They also have vascular plant apomorphies (e.g., vascular tissue) and land plant plesiomorphies in common (e.g., spore dispersal and the absence of seeds). Pteridophyta Characteristics The following are some of the most important characteristics of Pteridophytes. • They prefer wet, shady environments. Certain species are also able to survive in sandy soils. • The roots, stem, and leaves of the main plant body are all distinct. I...

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Last Updated: Jul 18, 2019 Before the flowering plants, the landscape was dominated with plants that looked like ferns for hundreds of millions of years. Pteridophytes show many characteristics of their ancestors. Unlike most other members of the Pteridophyta Classification Pteridophyta is classified into four main classes: Psilopsida • They are the most primitive. • The stem is photosynthetic and dichotomously branched. • Rhizoids are present. • Leaves are mostly absent. • The sporophyte is homosporous synangium. • Examples-Â Psilotum and Tmesipteris. Lycopsida • They are commonly known as club moss. • Well-differentiated plant body with adventitious root, stem, rhizophores and leaves. • The sporophyte is homosporous or heterosporous. • Examples-Â Selaginella, Lycopodium. Sphenopsida • Commonly known as horsetail. • Well-differentiated plant body with roots arising from nodes of the underground rhizome, stem and scaly leaves. • Homosporous, sporangia are borne on strobili. • Examples-Â Equisetum. Pteropsida • Commonly known as a fern. • Well-differentiated plant body with roots, stem and leaves. • The sporophyte is homosporous or heterosporous. • Antherozoids are multiflagellate. • Examples-Â Pteris, Dryopteris, Adiantum Pteridophyta Characteristics 1. Pteridophytes are considered as the first plants to be evolved on land: It is speculated that life began in the oceans, and through millions of years of evolution, life slowly adapted on to dry land. And among the first of ...

When you think of forests, you picture trees, abundant lush green ferns, and other plants. But trust me the first thing that you will notice when you go to a forest is the abundant foliage of fern plants. These ferns, in biological terms, are nothing but the pteridophytes. They belong to the division Pteridophyta of the What are Pteridophytes? Pteridophytes are plants that do not have any Features of Pteridophytes Pteridophytes display differentiation. The plant body can be divided into true Browse more Topics under the Plant Kingdom • Classification within Kingdom Plantae • • Bryophytes • Gymnosperms • Angiosperms • Plant Life Cycles and Alternation of Generations You can download Plant Kingdom Cheat Sheet by clicking on the download button below Reproduction in Pteridophytes Pteridophytes show a true alternation of generations. Here, the dominant sporophyte produces spores through meiosis. The gametophyte generation forms gametes by mitosis. The spores are produced by the sporangia in the spore mother These gametophytes are free-living, multicellular and photosynthetic. They are called as the prothallus. Generally, the gametophytes require damp and cool places to grow, due to their dependence on Antheridia is the name of the male sex organs and archegonia is the name of female sex organs. Antherozoids are the male gametes, which are released by the antheridia. Antherozoids can get transferred to the archegonia which are the female sex organs, only in the presence of wate...

ADVERTISEMENTS: In this article we will discuss about the classification of pteridophyta. 1. Class: Psilotopsida: The members of the class Psilotopsida show close resemblance in fundamental characteristics to the Silurian and Devonian members of Rhyniopsida (e.g., Rhynia, Cooksonia), Zostero- phyllopsida (e.g., Zosterophyllum) and Trimero- phytopsida (e.g., Trimerophyton, Psilophyton). Psilotopsida includes only two living genera viz., Psilotum and Tmesipteris. Characteristic Features of Class Psilotopsida: ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. The plant body is a rootless sporophyte that differentiates into a subterranean rhizome and an aerial erect shoot. 2. Branching is dichotomous in both sub­terranean rhizome and aerial shoot. 3. The large rhizoids borne on the rhizome absorb water and nutrients from the soil. 4. On the aerial shoots, spirally arranged scale-like (e.g., Psilotum) or leaf-like appendages (e.g., Tmesipteris) are borne. ADVERTISEMENTS: 5. Stele is protostelic or siphonostelic with sclerenchymatous pith. 6. Secondary growth is absent. 7. Bi- or trilocular sporangia are borne in the axils of leaf-like appendages. 8. Mode of sporangial development is of eusporangiate type. 9. Spores are of equal sizes and shapes i.e., homosporous. 10. The gametophytes are non-green, cylindri­cal, branched and subterranean. They grow as saprophytes with an associated endophytic fungus. 11. Antherozoids are spirally coiled and multi- flagellated. 2. Class. L ycopsida: This class has a long evol...