Montreal protocol is related to

In the early 1970s, scientific research began finding evidence of CFC chemicals depleting the ozone layer, increasing the levels of ultraviolet radiation on the planet’s surface. Dr. F. Sherwood Rowland, a chemistry professor at UC Irvine, and Dr. Mario Molina, a postdoctoral fellow, were credited with the first demonstrations of CFCs' damaging effect on atmospheric ozone. In a 1974 paper titled “Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone,” Molina and Rowland hypothesized that the chlorofluoromethanes could remain in the atmosphere between 40 and 150 years. Their studies concluded that when the chemicals reached the stratosphere, it led to the destruction and thinning of the atmospheric ozone layer. The findings were revolutionary (and eye-opening) at the time, and the team later received a Nobel Prize for their work. Yearly evolution of the whole in the ozone layer between 1979 and 1990, as illustrated by NASA. Jupiterimages / Getty Images More than 10 years later, in 1985, a British science team from Cambridge discovered massive ozone depletion over the Antarctic during the region’s spring months. They attributed the depletion to low midwinter temperatures, making the stratosphere even more sensitive to inorganic chlorine growth. At the time, chlorofluorocarbons in particular were widely used in common products like refrigerants and aerosol sprays. SiberianArt / Getty Images While airplanes tend to stay on the lower portion ...

The Montreal Protocol The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is the landmark multilateral environmental agreement that regulates the production and consumption of nearly 100 man-made chemicals referred to as ozone depleting substances (ODS). When released to the atmosphere, those chemicals damage the stratospheric ozone layer, Earth’s protective shield that protects humans and the environment from harmful levels of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Adopted on 16 September 1987, the Protocol is to date one of the rare treaties to achieve universal ratification. The Montreal Protocol phases down the consumption and production of the different ODS in a step-wise manner, with different timetables for developed and developing countries (referred to as “Article 5 countries”). Under this treaty, all parties have specific responsibilities related to the phase out of the different groups of ODS, control of ODS trade, annual reporting of data, national licensing systems to control ODS imports and exports, and other matters. Developing and developed countries have equal but differentiated responsibilities, but most importantly, both groups of countries have binding, time-targeted and measurable commitments. The Protocol includes provisions related to Control Measures (Article 2), Calculation of control levels (Article 3), Control of trade with non-Parties (Article 4), Special situation of developing countries (Article 5), Reporting of data (Article 7), Non...

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a — What Is the Montreal Protocol? When released into the atmosphere, these chemicals damage the stratospheric ozone layer, which protects humans and the environment from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Adopted on 15 September 1987, the protocol is to date the only UN treaty that has been ratified by all 197 UN Member states. The Montreal Protocol breaks down the consumption and production of different ODS in a step-wise manner with different timetables for developed and developing countries. Under this treaty, all parties have responsibilities regarding the phasing out of the different groups of ODS, the trade of ODS and annual reporting of data, among others. Developed and developing countries have equal but differentiated responsibilities and binding, time-targeted and measurable commitments that they must meet. JOIN THE MOVEMENT TODAY The treaty continues to evolve in light of new developments, and continues to be amended and adjusted. The governing body of the treaty is the Meeting of the Parties, and the parties are assisted by the Ozone Secretariat, which is based at UN Environment Programme headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya. You might also like: The Multilateral Fund The Multilateral Fund for the implementation of the Montreal Protocol was established in 1991 under Article 10 of the treaty. The fund’s objective is to mainly provide financial and technical assistance to developing country p...