Paris agreement upsc

Paris Agreement (COP 21) - Everything You Need to Know The Paris Agreement was adopted by 196 countries at the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP 21) in Paris, on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4 November 2016 . The agreement intends to reduce and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Before COP 21 in Paris, countries were asked to submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC’s). There was a marked shift in the commitments from various countries. India was clubbed in the group of emerging economies and India lived up to its billing as a responsible nation in tackling climate change. In 2017, the US President announced his intention to withdraw from the agreement. The withdrawal became official on 4 November 2020. Later, after the change in Presidency, the US again joined the Paris Agreement in 2021. Also read: • • • Paris Agreement COP 21 – Latest Update • The Climate Ambition Summit to mark the 5th Anniversary of the Paris Agreement started on 12th December 2020 at Glasgow, Scotland. It aimed to provide a platform for government and non-governmental leaders to demonstrate their commitment to the Paris Agreement and the multilateral process. • Prime Minister Narendra Modi delivered a virtual speech at the Climate Ambition Summit that India has reduced its global emissions by 21 per cent compared to 2005 and is on its way to do more, details are discussed below. • The UK will host the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow on...

Tags: • • • • Why in News Recently, the United Arab Emirates announced an offer to host the 28 th session of Conference of Parties (COP 28) to the UNFCCC in Abu Dhabi in 2023. • COP 26 was postponed in 2020 and will take place in Glasgow, UK in November 2021. Key Points • About UNFCCC: • The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development also known as the Earth Summit, the Rio Summit or the Rio Conference. • India is among the select few countries to have hosted the COP of all three Rio conventions on climate change (UNFCCC), biodiversity land (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification). • The UNFCCC entered into force on 21 st March 1994, and has been ratified by 197 countries. • It is the parent treaty of the parent treaty of the • The UNFCCC secretariat (UN Climate Change) is the United Nations entity tasked with supporting the global response to the threat of climate change. It is located in Bonn, Germany. • Objective: • To achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous repercussions within a time frame so as to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally and enable sustainable development. • The Conference of the Parties (COP): • COP is the apex decision-making authority of UNFCCC. • The COP meets every year, unless the Parties decide otherwise. The first COP meeting was held in Berlin, Germany in March, 1995. • The COP meet...

Lima (Peru) Climate Change Conference 2014 (COP 20; CMP 10) • The overarching goal of the conference is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) to limit the global temperature increase by 2030 to2 degrees Celsius above 1850 baselineor Pre Industrial era. • The agreement urged parties to take national pledges by finalizing their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions ( • No agreement was reached due tolack of consensusbetween developed and developing countries. • Wealthy nations like the U.S, EU argued that emissions from developing countries are consistently rising and they need to commit to more serious emission cuts. • But India accused them of watering down the CDR principle envisaged in earlier. • India stuck to its conventional position that the developed countries should shoulder a bigger burden as they are responsible for the problem in the first place. • India confirmed that poverty alleviation would continue to be its primary concern and hence it will not compromise with its share of carbon credits. • China agreed a deal in 2014 under which its emissions would peak by 2030 (after 2030, it will start reducing its carbon footprint). • India, the world’s third largest carbon emitter, is under pressure to make commitments like China. • India says carbon emissions will grow as it strives to beat poverty. • India wants to use its carbon credits to alleviate poverty and is not ready to accept anything other than ‘common but differentiated responsibilities’. • Ind...

In News: Paris Club creditor nations are proposing a 10-year moratorium on Sri Lankan debt and another 15 years of debt restructuring as a formula to resolve the Sri Lankan debt crisis. • Earlier this year, Sri Lanka had defaulted on its 51 billion dollar external debt in the midst of spiralling political and economic crisis. • India has provided emergency aid to the tune of four billion dollars. • The Paris club has also called upon the Global north and south to take a similar haircut in restructuring of Sri Lankan debt. The Paris Club: • It is an informal group of official creditors from 22 wealthy countries who find sustainable solutions for challenges faced by debtor countries. • It provides a platform for governments facing financial difficulties to reduce and renegotiate their debt repayments. • Formed in 1956, it has signed more than 400 agreements to date, worth more than half a trillion dollars to about 100 countries. • The “G20 Common Framework”is an initiative endorsed by the G20 together with the Paris Club. • Other creditor nations are allowed to participate in negotiation meetings on a case-by-case basis, if they meet certain conditions. • The members meet in Paris once a month except for February and August. • Each meeting includes a one-day ‘ Tour d’Horizon’, during which creditors talk about the external debt situation of debtor nations, or issues regarding how those countries are managing their debts. • The Paris Club invites debtor nations to a meeting w...

ENVIRONMENT/ INTERNATIONAL Topic: General Studies 2,3: • Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests • Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation US and Paris Agreement Context: US formally left the Paris Climate Agreement on 4 th Nov 2020, three years after President Donald Trump announced his intention to undo what had been seen as a key achievement of his predecessor Barack Obama. What is the Paris Agreement? • In December 2015, 195 countries signed an agreement (came into force on Nov 2016) within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC), dealing with greenhouse-gas-emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance • Objective : To slow the process of global warming by limiting a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. • Another crucial point in this agreement was attaining “net zero emissions” between 2050 and 2100 . Nations have pledged “to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century”. • Developed countries were also told to provide financial resources to help developing countries in dealing with climate change and for adaptation measures. • As part of a review mechanism , developed countries were also asked to communicate every two years the “indicativ...

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important : Prelims level : Paris Agreement Mains level : Progress of global climate action This week marks the fifth anniversary of the Paris Agreement, where formidable climate diplomacy ushered 196 rich and poor countries into a legally binding treaty seeking to hold global heating below 2°C at this century’s end. Try this PYQ first, then head with the news: Q.With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct? • The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN and it will go into effect in 2017. • The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 20C or even 1.50C above pre-industrial levels. • Developed countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate S 1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with climate change. Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 The Paris Agreement • The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. It was adopted by 196 Parties at COP 21 in Paris, on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4 November 2016. • Its goal is to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. • To achie...

What is the Paris agreement? The Paris Agreement is an international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015. It covers climate change mitigation, adaptation, and finance. The Paris Agreement is one of many agreements that has been enacted to mitigate the worst effects of climate change and global warming. For more relevant articles refer to the links given below: • • • Related Links

GS Paper 3 Topics Covered: Conservation related issues. Context: The United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) latest Production Gap Report has revealed that 15 of the top fossil fuel producing countries, including India, are not prepared to meet the requirements of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement. • Paris Agreement seeks to keep global warming “well below 2 degrees” above pre-industrial levels. Highlights of the Production Gap Report: • Governments are in aggregate planning to produce 110 per cent more • By 2040, this excess grows to 190% and 89%, respectively. • The 15 countries analysed as part of the report were responsible for 75 per cent of the world’s fossil fuel production in 2020. • They are Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (US). What needs to be done? In order for the world to meet the Paris Agreement goals, “global coal, oil, and gas production (and consumption) have to start declining immediately to be consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C.” India’s plans vs goals: India is the seventh-largest producer of fossil fuels among the 15 countries. • As part of the Paris Agreement, India pledged a 33%–35% reduction in the “emissions intensity” of its economy by 2030, compared to 2005 levels. • However, as part of the Atmanirbhar Bharat campaign, the government pledged to become a self-reliant producer of c...

At COP 21 in Paris, on 12 December 2015, Parties to the UNFCCC reached a landmark agreement to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future. The Paris Agreement builds upon the The Paris Agreement’s central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the agreement aims to increase the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change, and at making finance flows consistent with a low GHG emissions and climate-resilient pathway. To reach these ambitious goals, appropriate mobilization and provision of financial resources, a new technology framework and enhanced capacity-building is to be put in place, thus supporting action by developing countries and the most vulnerable countries, in line with their own national objectives. The Agreement also provides for an enhanced transparency framework for action and support. The Paris Agreement requires all Parties to put forward their best efforts through “nationally determined contributions” ( The Paris Agreement opened for signature on 22 April 2016 – Earth Day – at UN Headquarters in New York. It entered into force on 4 November 2016, 30 days after the so-called “double threshold” (ratification by 55...

License and Republishing World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum.