Pertussis causative agent

11 Mechanisms of Microbial Genetics • Introduction • 11.1 The Functions of Genetic Material • 11.2 DNA Replication • 11.3 RNA Transcription • 11.4 Protein Synthesis (Translation) • 11.5 Mutations • 11.6 How Asexual Prokaryotes Achieve Genetic Diversity • 11.7 Gene Regulation: Operon Theory • Summary • 14 Antimicrobial Drugs • Introduction • 14.1 History of Chemotherapy and Antimicrobial Discovery • 14.2 Fundamentals of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy • 14.3 Mechanisms of Antibacterial Drugs • 14.4 Mechanisms of Other Antimicrobial Drugs • 14.5 Drug Resistance • 14.6 Testing the Effectiveness of Antimicrobials • 14.7 Current Strategies for Antimicrobial Discovery • Summary • 23 Urogenital System Infections • Introduction • 23.1 Anatomy and Normal Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract • 23.2 Bacterial Infections of the Urinary System • 23.3 Bacterial Infections of the Reproductive System • 23.4 Viral Infections of the Reproductive System • 23.5 Fungal Infections of the Reproductive System • 23.6 Protozoan Infections of the Urogenital System • Summary • 24 Digestive System Infections • Introduction • 24.1 Anatomy and Normal Microbiota of the Digestive System • 24.2 Microbial Diseases of the Mouth and Oral Cavity • 24.3 Bacterial Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract • 24.4 Viral Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract • 24.5 Protozoan Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract • 24.6 Helminthic Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract • Summary • 25 Circulatory and Lymphatic System...

Whooping cough Whooping cough, also called pertussis, is a serious respiratory infection caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. The infection causes violent, uncontrollable coughing that can make it difficult to breathe. While whooping cough can affect people at any age, it can be deadly for infants and young children. According to the The incubation period (the time between initial infection and the onset of symptoms) for whooping cough is about 5 to 10 days, but symptoms might not appear for as long as three weeks, according to the Early symptoms mimic the common cold and include a runny nose, cough, and fever. Within two weeks, a dry and persistent cough may develop that makes breathing very difficult. Children often make a “whoop” sound when they try to take a breath after coughing spells, though this classic sound is less common in infants. This type of severe cough can also cause: • vomiting • blue or purple skin around the mouth • • low-grade • breathing difficulties Adults and teenagers typically experience milder symptoms, such as a prolonged cough without the “whoop” sound. If you or your child experience symptoms of whooping cough, seek medical attention right away, especially if members of your family haven’t been immunized. Whooping cough is highly contagious — bacteria can become airborne when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or laughs — and can quickly spread to others. Diagnosis To diagnose whooping cough, your doctor will perform a ph...

In …μm in length; the rod-shaped Bordetella pertussis, which is the causative agent of whooping cough, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 μm in diameter and 0.5 to 1 μm in length; and the corkscrew-shaped Treponema pallidum, which is the causative agent of syphilis, averaging only 0.1 to 0.2 μm in diameter… discovery by Bordet •

Croup When the upper airway is infected with the virus that causes croup, tissues around the voice box (larynx) and the windpipe (trachea) will swell. When a cough forces air through this narrowed passageway, it may sound like a seal barking. Croup refers to an infection of the upper airway, which becomes narrow, making it harder to breathe. Croup also causes a cough that sounds like barking. The cough and other signs and symptoms of croup are the result of swelling and irritation around the voice box (larynx), windpipe (trachea) and bronchial tubes (bronchi). When a cough forces air through this narrowed passageway, the swollen vocal cords produce a noise like a seal barking. Taking a breath often produces a high-pitched whistling sound called stridor. Symptoms Croup often begins as an ordinary cold. If there's enough swelling, irritation and coughing, a child can develop: • Loud barking cough that's made worse by crying and coughing, as well as anxiety and distress, setting up a cycle of worsening symptoms. • Fever. • Hoarse voice. • Noisy or labored breathing. Symptoms of croup are often worse at night and usually last for 3 to 5 days. When to see a doctor Contact your child's health care provider if symptoms are severe, worsen, last longer than 3 to 5 days or aren't responding to home treatment. Seek immediate medical attention if your child: • Makes noisy, high-pitched breathing sounds when breathing both in and out. • Makes high-pitched breathing sounds when not cryi...

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. In 2018, there were more than 151 000 cases of pertussis globally. Pertussis spreads easily from person to person mainly through droplets produced by coughing or sneezing. The disease is most dangerous in infants, and is a significant cause of disease and death in this age group. The first symptoms generally appear 7 to 10 days after infection. They include a mild fever, runny nose and cough, which in typical cases gradually develops into a hacking cough followed by whooping (hence the common name of whooping cough). Pneumonia is a relatively common complication, and seizures and brain disease occur rarely.People with pertussis are most contagious up to about 3 weeks after the cough begins, and many children who contract the infection have coughing spells that last 4 to 8 weeks. Antibiotics are used to treat the infection. The best way to prevent pertussis is through immunization. The three-dose primary series diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) (- containing) vaccines decrease the risk of severe pertussis in infancy. In 2018, 86% of the global target population had received the recommended three doses of DTP-containing vaccine during infancy. WHO recommends the first dose be administered as early as 6 weeks of age; with subsequent doses given 4-8 weeks apart, at age 10-14 weeks and 14-18 weeks. A booster dose is recommended, preferably during...

Diagnosis of recent infection with Bordetella pertussis in patients with symptoms consistent with whooping cough for 2 or more weeks This test should not be used in neonates, young infants or in children between the ages of 4 to 7 years as the routine childhood vaccine schedule may interfere with result interpretation. This test should not be used as a test of cure, to monitor response to treatment, or to determine vaccine status. This test should be ordered in patients with 2 or more weeks of symptoms consistent with whooping cough. Nucleic acid amplification testing for Bordetella pertussis should be used in patients who have been symptomatic less than 2 weeks; order BPRP / Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis , Molecular Detection, PCR, Varies. Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, is highly contagious and remains endemic in the United States despite the high rate of vaccination. Acute B pertussis infections are typically diagnosed by culture or nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT). However, symptomatic adults and adolescents often seek medical attention later in the course of infection, at which time the sensitivity of these 2 methods to detect the infectious agent decreases. A serologic response to B pertussis is typically mounted 2 weeks following infection, and therefore, detection of IgG-class antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT), which is only produced by B pertussis, can be a useful adjunct for diagnosis at later stages of i...