Pituitary gland class 10

Pituitary tumor Pituitary tumors are tumors that form in the pituitary gland near the brain. These tumors can cause changes in hormone levels. This illustration shows a smaller tumor, called a microadenoma. Pituitary tumors are unusual growths that develop in the pituitary gland. This gland is an organ about the size of a pea. It's located behind the nose at the base of the brain. Some of these tumors cause the pituitary gland to make too much of certain hormones that control important body functions. Others can cause the pituitary gland to make too little of those hormones. Most pituitary tumors are benign. That means they are not cancer. Another name for these noncancerous tumors is pituitary adenomas. Most adenomas stay in the pituitary gland or in the tissue around it, and they grow slowly. They typically don't spread to other parts of the body. Pituitary tumors can be treated in several ways. The tumor may be removed with surgery. Or its growth may be controlled with medications or radiation therapy. Sometimes, hormone levels are managed with medicine. Your health care provider may suggest a combination of these treatments. In some cases, observation — also called a ''wait-and-see'' approach — may be the right choice. Types Types of pituitary adenomas include: • Functioning. These adenomas make hormones. They cause different symptoms depending on the kind of hormones they make. Functioning pituitary adenomas fall into several categories, including those that make: • A...

Endocrine system The endocrine system includes the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testicles. Hypopituitarism is a rare disorder in which your pituitary gland fails to produce one or more hormones, or doesn't produce enough hormones. The pituitary gland is a kidney-bean-sized gland situated at the base of your brain. It is part of your body's endocrine system, which consists of all the glands that produce and regulate hormones. Despite its small size, the pituitary gland creates and releases a number of hormones that act on nearly every part of your body. Hypopituitarism is when you have a short supply (deficiency) of one or more of the pituitary hormones. These hormone deficiencies can affect any number of your body's routine functions, such as growth, blood pressure or reproduction. Symptoms typically vary, based on which hormone or hormones you are missing. If you have hypopituitarism, you'll likely need to take medication for the rest of your life. Medication helps replace the missing hormones, which helps control your symptoms. Symptoms The signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism usually develop gradually and get worse over time. They are sometimes subtle and may be overlooked for months or even years. But for some people, signs and symptoms develop suddenly. Signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism vary from person to person, depending on which pituitary hormones are affected and to what degree. In people who have ...

Hormones from anterior pituitary gland Hormones from anterior pituitary gland are as follows: • Growth hormones: Promote growth of whole body, particularly of the skeleton. • Thyroid stimulating hormone: Stimulates thyroid to secrete thyroxine. • Adrenocorticotropic hormone: Stimulate adrenal cortex. • Gonadotrophic hormone: Regulates the activity of gonads (testes and ovaries). Pituitary gland- origin and location The pituitary gland is a tiny organ present at the base of the brain. It is called the master gland of the body since it's secretions control hormone secretion from many glands in the body. Origin Develops from the ectoderm layer of the embryo Location Located below the hypothalamus in a bony cavity called sella tursica (small depression in the sphenoid bone) Hormones of the Pituitary gland (Anterior pituitary/Pars distalis) The anterior pituitary gland (Adenohypophysis) secretes several important hormones. The various hormones and their functions are as follows Growth hormone (GH) • Also called somatotropin • Promote growth of whole body, particularly of the skeleton. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) • Also called Thyrotropin • Stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxine. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) • Also called corticotropin • Stimulate adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) • FSH and LH together are called the gonadotropins • Stimulates egg formation in females and sperm formation in males. Lute...

Learning Objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Explain the interrelationships of the anatomy and functions of the hypothalamus and the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland • Identify the two hormones released from the posterior pituitary, their target cells, and their principal actions • Identify the six hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, their target cells, their principal actions, and their regulation by the hypothalamus The hypothalamus–pituitary complex can be thought of as the “command center” of the endocrine system. This complex secretes several hormones that directly produce responses in target tissues, as well as hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of other glands. In addition, the hypothalamus–pituitary complex coordinates the messages of the endocrine and nervous systems. In many cases, a stimulus received by the nervous system must pass through the hypothalamus–pituitary complex to be translated into hormones that can initiate a response. The hypothalamus is a structure of the diencephalon of the brain located anterior and inferior to the thalamus (Figure 1). It has both neural and endocrine functions, producing and secreting many hormones. In addition, the hypothalamus is anatomically and functionally related to the pituitary gland (or hypophysis), a bean-sized organ suspended from it by a stem called the infundibulum (or pituitary stalk). The pituitary gland is cradl...

Students can practice the NCERT MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7 Control and Coordination with Answers Pdf free download is available here. Revise all the concepts easily by taking help from the Control and Coordination Class 10 MCQs Questions with Answers Question 1. The gap between two neurons is called a: (a) dendrite (b) synapse (c) axon (d) impulse Answer: (b) synapse Question 2. The brain is responsible for: (a) thinking (b) regulating the heart beat (c) balancing the body (d) all of the above Answer: (d) all of the above Question 3. Which of the following is a plant hormone: (i) insulin (b) thyroxin (c) oestrogen (d) cytokinin Answer: (d) cytokinin Question 4. Which endocrine gland is called master gland: (a) pituitary (b) adrenal (c) thyroid (d) pancreas Answer: (a) pituitary Question 5. Cartisons are secreted by: (a) pancreatic gland (b) adrenal gland (c) thyroid gland (d) pituitary gland Answer: (b) adrenal gland Question 6. Female sex hormone is: (a) estrogen (b) androgen (c) insulin (d) adrenalin Answer: (a) estrogen Question 7. Insulin is secreted by: (a) stomach (b) liver (c) pancreas (d) kidney Answer: (c) pancreas Question 8. In case of emergency which structure becomes very active: (a) adrenal medulla (b) adrenal cortex (c) thyroid gland (d) pancreas Answer: (a) adrenal medulla Question 9. Growth, mental development and tissue differentiation is controlld by: (a) glucagon (b) parathormone (c) thyroxine (d) cortisol Answer: (c) thyroxine Questio...

• 1 Anatomical Position and Relations • 1.1 Clinical Significance: Pituitary Adenoma • 2 Anatomical Structure • 3 Vasculature The pituitary gland (the hypophysis) is a major gland of the endocrine system. It secretes hormones that control the actions of other endocrine organs and various tissues around the body. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the pituitary gland – its position, structure and vascular supply. Anatomical Position and Relations The pituitary gland is a pea-sized oval structure, suspended from the underside of the brain by the pituitary stalk (known as the infundibulum). It sits within a small depression in the sphenoid bone, known as the sella turcica (‘’Turkish saddle’’). The superior surface of the gland is covered by a reflection of the diaphragma sellae. This membrane has a central opening which allows passage of the infundibulum. The gland has several key anatomical relations: • Anteriorly– sphenoid sinus (the pituitary gland is accessed surgically via the sphenoid sinus, known as a trans-sphenoidal approach). • Posteriorly – posterior intercavernous sinus, dorsum sellae (posterior wall of the sella turcica), basilar artery and the pons. • Superiorly – diaphragma sellae (fold of dura mater that covers the pituitary gland), optic chiasm. • Inferiorly – sphenoid sinus • Laterally – cavernous sinus. Clinical Significance: Pituitary Adenoma A pituitary adenoma is a neoplasm of the pituitary gland. These tumours are usually benign and can be...