Potential difference formula class 12

A potential difference is a measure of the electric potential energy per unit charge between two points in an electric field. The electric potential at a point is defined as the work done per unit charge in bringing a test charge from infinity to that point. The electric potential difference between two points is the work done per unit charge in moving a test charge from one point to the other. The formula of potential difference between the two points is: Work done q = K e Q (1 r1 − 1r2) Furthermore, the potential difference (voltage) can be calculated by Ohm’s Law with the help of the following equation: V=I x R V= Voltage I= Current R= Resistance What is Electric Potential Energy? The charges in physics are of two types: • Positive Charge • Negative Charge Unlike charges always repel, while like charges always attract each other. The force of repulsion or attraction is exerted across an electric field that surrounds the particular charge. Any charge, be it positive or negative, experiences a force of attraction or repulsion that comes in the vicinity of the other charge present. Suppose you place a positive charge in an electric field. The electric field center will exert an attractive force on the charge. Moving away from the electric field center involves work to be done, similar to the object lifted against the law of gravity (gravitational force). The forcing away of the charge results in work done, which in turn enhances the electric potential energy of the test ch...

Potential difference (or voltage) is a measure of energy, per unit of charge, transferred between two points in a circuit. A potential difference of 1 volt means that 1 joule of work is done per coulomb of charge. Measuring potential difference To measure the potential difference across a component, a voltmeter must be placed in parallel with that component in order to measure the difference in energy from one side of the component to the other. Potential difference is also known as voltage and is measured in volts (V). Circuit with a 1.5 V cell, ammeter, voltmeter and thin resistence wire connected in parallel. Length of wire is measured using a metre ruler Energy, voltage and charge When a charge moves through a potential difference, electrical work is done and energy transferred. The potential difference can be calculated using the equation: • \[potential\ difference = \frac\] • \[V = 2\ V\] Question How much energy is transferred when 3 C of charge moves through a potential difference of 6 V? Reveal answer When a charge moves through a potential difference, electrical work is done and energy transferred. The potential difference can be calculated using the equation: potential difference = current × resistance \[V=I \times R\] This is when: • potential difference ( V ) is measured in volts (V) • current ( I ) is measured in amps (A) • resistance ( R ) is measured in ohms ( \(\Omega\) ) One volt is the potential difference when one coulomb of charge transfers one joule o...

All of us know that the like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. Some work is always involved in moving a charge in the area of another charge. What makes the charge to flow? Well, this basically happens because of the ‘Electric Potential’. Let us study more about it below. Electric Potential If two charged bodies are in contact, the charge starts flowing from one conductor to other. The electric condition, that determines the flow of charge from one conductor to other in contact, is the electric potential. Electric potential is comparable to level in case of water, the temperature in case of heat and pressure in the case of fluids. Earth is a conductor that can hold an infinite charge and can give infinite charge without changing its potential. Its potential is taken as zero potential. Thus the positively charged conductor has more positive potential than the earth. A negatively charged conductor has negative potential less than that of the earth.The electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit is the work done in moving a unit positive charge from one point to the other. When W joule of work is done in bringing the test charge Q coulomb from infinity to the point P then the electric potential V at the point P then, V= W/Q The work needed to move a charge Q from infinity to a point P where electric potential is V will be W=QV The S.I unit of work is joule and that of the charge is coulomb. Learn about Download Electri...

Hint: The potential difference across a cell in a circuit is called a terminal potential difference. According to Ohm’s law, the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to voltage applied across it. Using Ohm’s law appropriately, we can easily choose the correct option. Complete step by step answer: We are given to find the terminal potential difference of the cell shown in the above diagram. Here, the cell is in an open circuit. We are given that E is present in the cell. E is the electromotive force (emf) of the cell. Electromotive force is the energy provided by the cell into the circuit.‘r’ is the internal resistance. E is the energy of the cell but due to the presence of an internal resistor some of this energy is taken by the internal resistor out of the circuit.Therefore the voltage reduces slightly. Reduction in the voltage is equal to the product of current in the circuit and the internal resistance of the cell. This reduction is subtracted from the Energy of the cell to give the potential difference. $V = E - Ir$ Thus the right answer is Option A, $E - Ir$. Note:: The terminal voltage of a cell is equal to the emf of the cell given only if the value of internal resistance is zero and the circuit is open. Closed circuit is a circuit which is activated by a switch and needs the switch to close the circuit loop making the current flow whereas open circuit is a circuit where the switch is open and current will not flow as the continuity is broken...

Electric Potential Question 1. Is $V=W/Q$ or $V=P.E./Q$. P.E. is electric potential energy Potential difference Question 2. Is $\Delta$$V=W/Q$ or $\Delta$$V=$$\Delta$$P.E./Q$. Question 3. Is there any relationship between work and potential energy in this case? EDIT: Why change in Electric Potential Energy is equal to the work done? $\begingroup$ First: potential energy is always relative to some reference, and therefore nevet absolute. If you say write $V$ you would always have to define where $V=0$. Similarly, if you write $\Delta V$, you would always have to define between which to points. Usually, one put $V=0$ infinitely far from charges of this is possible. $\endgroup$ Consider a region of space with an static electric field $\mathbf$$ so that $$\Delta U = q\Delta V$$ Through the following you can deduce which option should be correct. Q1. The potential difference or voltage $V$ between two points is defined as the work required per unit charge to move the charge between the two points, or $V=W/Q$. When work is done to move change between two points there is a change in electrical potential energy of the charge. Q2. Based on the definition of voltage, $\Delta V$ would mean the change in voltage or change in work required per unit charge to move the charge between the two points. For example, let’s say a current of 1 ampere flows in a 1 Ohm resistor. Per Ohm’s law the voltage between the terminals of the resistor equals 1 volt. If I increase the current to 4 amperes t...

In ΔV and is formally referred to as the electric potential difference. By definition, the electric potential difference is the difference in electric potential (V) between the final and the initial location when work is done upon a charge to change its potential energy. In equation form, the electric potential difference is V and named in honor of Alessandro Volta. One Volt is equivalent to one Joule per Coulomb. If the electric potential difference between two locations is 1 volt, then one Coulomb of charge will gain 1 joule of potential energy when moved between those two locations. If the electric potential difference between two locations is 3 volts, then one coulomb of charge will gain 3 joules of potential energy when moved between those two locations. And finally, if the electric potential difference between two locations is 12 volts, then one coulomb of charge will gain 12 joules of potential energy when moved between those two locations. Because electric potential difference is expressed in units of volts, it is sometimes referred to as the voltage. Electric Potential Difference and Simple Circuits Electric circuits, as we shall see, are all about the movement of charge between varying locations and the corresponding loss and gain of energy that accompanies this movement. In the previous part of Lesson 1, the concept of electric potential was applied to a simple battery-powered electric circuit. In external circuit from the positive terminal to the negative termi...

For more information below link Potential difference is the work done in moving a unit of positive electric charge from one point to another. The symbols for potential difference is V If you connect the two ends of the same wire to opposite ends of the same battery, current will flow through it due to the potential difference between the two ends of the battery.