Question 1. Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people: (i) Shifting cultivators (ii) Nomadic and pastoralist communities (iii) Firms trading in timber (forest produce) (iv) Plantation owners (v) Kings/British officials engaged in Shikar (hunting) Answer:

Robustness is a measure of how well a software system can cope with invalid inputs or unexpected user interactions. A robust system is one that continues to function correctly even in the face of unexpected or invalid inputs.

JVM architecture in Java contains classloader, memory area, execution engine etc. Java Virtual Machine Architecture 1) ClassLoader The class loader is a subsystem used for loading class files. It performs three major functions viz. Loading, Linking, and Initialization. 2) Method Area

Why String is immutable in java? String is immutable in java because we can’t modify or change it once it is created. Basically Immutable itself means unmodifiable or unchangeable. In Java Once we created string object we cannot change and modify its data or state. Table of Contents What is String?

While the volatile keyword in Java usually ensures thread safety, it's not always the case. In this tutorial, we'll look at the scenario when a shared volatile variable can lead to a race condition. 2. What Is a volatile Variable? Unlike other variables, volatile variables are written to and read from the main memory.

The class java.net.URLClassLoader serves as the basic class loader for extensions and other JAR files, overriding the findClass method of java.lang.ClassLoader to search one or more specified URLs for classes and resources.

Overview In this tutorial, we'll be discussing how to use events in Spring. Events are one of the more overlooked functionalities in the framework but also one of the more useful. And like many other things in Spring, event publishing is one of the capabilities provided by ApplicationContext. There are a few simple guidelines to follow:

The Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE) is a collection of Java APIs owned by Oracle that software developers can use to write server-side applications. It was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition, or J2EE.

Java is a platform-independent language, meaning we run the same code on multiple platforms. Java achieves this using JVM and Byte Code. Java compiler converts the programming code into byte code. Byte code is platform-independent and can be run on any processor or system.

Our free online code editor supports all the major programming languages, whether you’re editing HTML, CSS and JavaScript, running Python, C, C++, C#, R or Go, or compiling Java, Kotlin or Swift. Pick a language to get started! (You can change the coding language anytime within the compiler.) Choose your programming language to start Most Popular

There are three basic steps in garbage collection: Mark: The garbage collector scans the heap memory segment and marks all the live objects—that is, objects to which the application holds references. All the objects that have no references to them are eligible for removal.

Java 8 is a revolutionary release of the world’s #1 development platform. It includes a huge upgrade to the Java programming model and a coordinated evolution of the JVM, Java language, and libraries. Java 8 includes features for productivity, ease of use, improved polyglot programming, security and improved performance.