Brain diagram class 10

The following diagram is that of a human brain. Guidelines 1 to 5 indicate different parts of the surface of the brain and these are as follows: 1. The frontal lobe of the cerebrum 2. The temporal lobe of the cerebrum 3. The occipital lobe of the cerebrum 4. Cerebellum 5. Medulla oblongata Study the diagram and answer the following questions: (i) What handicaps would result from: (a) Damage toçart numbered 3. (b) Damage to part numbered 4. (ii) Mention one main function of each of the parts numbered 1,2, and 5. The below diagram represents the human brain as seen in an external view. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow: (i) Name the parts labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4. (ii) Mention the difference in the arrangement of the nerve cells in the parts marked ‘1’ and ‘4’. (iii) What is the main function of the parts marked ‘3’ and ‘4’? (iv) Name the sheet of nerve fibers that connect the two halves of the part labeled ‘1’. The diagram given below shows the internal structure of the spinal cord, depicting a simple reflex. Study the same and then answer the questions that follow: (i) Name the parts numbered 1 to 5. (ii) Using the letters of the alphabet shown in the figure indicate the direction in which an impulse enters and leaves the spinal cord. (iii) What is the term given to the point of contact between two nerve cells? (iv) What is meant by ‘simple reflex’ ? Give two examples of simple reflexes and name the stimuli too. (v) How does the arrangement of nerve ce...

What is Hypothalamus? Hypothalamus is a minute region, almost the size of an almond, present at the centre of the human brain, near the pituitary gland. It consists of three main regions: • The anterior region. • The middle region. • The posterior region. It plays a vital role in the production of hormones. Maintaining the hypothalamus health is very important. Its improper functioning causes several disorders. Also Refer:Â Structure of Hypothalamus The structure of hypothalamus is made up of three main regions: • Anterior region • Middle region • Posterior region Anterior Region • The anterior region is also known as the supraoptic region. • It regulates body temperature and maintains the circadian rhythm. • There are several small nuclei in the hypothalamus. The major hypothalamic nuclei include supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. • The nuclei in this region are involved in the hormone secretion. Following are the hormones secreted by the anterior region of the hypothalamus: • Corticotropin-releasing hormone • Thyrotropin-releasing hormone • Gonadotropin-releasing hormone • Oxytocin • Vasopressin • Somatostatin Middle Region • This is known as the tuberal region. • It consists of ventromedial and arcuate nuclei. • The ventromedial nuclei control the appetite, whereas the arcuate nuclei secrete the growth hormone responsible for the growth and development of the body. Posterior Region • This region is also known as the mammillary region. • The major nuclei include post...

Cranial nerves are pairs of nerves that connect your brain to different parts of your head, neck, and trunk. Each nerve has a corresponding roman numeral between i and xii. Your cranial nerves are pairs of nerves that connect your brain to different parts of your head, neck, and trunk. There are 12 of them, each named for its function or structure. Their functions are usually categorized as being either sensory or motor. Sensory nerves involve your senses, such as smell, hearing, and touch. Motor nerves control the movement and function of muscles or glands. Keep reading to learn more about each of the 12 cranial nerves and how they function. The cranial nerves are located within the skull, on the underside of the brain. They begin in the nuclei of the brain and travel different paths to help control your senses and movement. Each nerve has a corresponding Roman numeral between I and XII. This is based on their location from front to back. For example, your olfactory nerve is closest to the front of your head, so it’s designated as I. Conditions and disorders of the cranial nerves can affect processes that involve vision, smell, hearing, speaking, and balance. They can also change the way you perceive sensation on the face and prevent or alter the movement of the head, eyes, neck, shoulders, throat, and tongue. Cranial nerve palsy affects a motor nerve — one that controls movement. If a sensory nerve is affected, it can cause pain or reduced sensation. Conditions and disor...

• It receives information from the inner ear's balance system, sensory nerves, and auditory and visual systems. It is involved in the coordination of movements as well as motor learning. • It is also associated with motor movement and control, but this is not because the motor commands originate here. Instead, the cerebellum modifies these signals and makes motor movements accurate and useful. • The cerebellum helps control posture, balance, and the coordination of voluntary movements. This allows different muscle groups to act together and produce coordinated fluid movement. • In addition to playing an essential role in motor control, the cerebellum is also important in certain cognitive functions, including speech. The Amygdala The amygdala is a cluster of nuclei located close to the base of the brain. It is primarily involved in functions including memory, emotion, and the body's The structure processes external stimuli and then relays that information to the hippocampus, which can then prompt a response to deal with outside threats. The Thalamus Located above the brainstem, the thalamus processes and transmits movement and It is essentially a relay station, taking in sensory information and then passing it on to the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex also sends information to the thalamus, which then sends this information to other systems. The Hippocampus The hippocampus is a structure located in the temporal lobe. It is important in memory and learning and is somet...

Table of Contents 1 • • Human Brain Diagram The Brain, a complex organ, controls many important processes in the human body, including thinking, memory, emotions, sensory perception, motor skills and vital functions such as breathing and regulating heart rate. The Brain plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall functions of the body. The Brain is made up of three main parts – • The Cerebrum • The Cerebellum • The Brain stem Cerebrum The Cerebrum, which occupies the front part of the Brain, is the largest component. It consists of two hemispheres (left and right) and four lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes). The Cerebrum is responsible for various functions such as: • Initiation and control of voluntary movements. • Facilitation of cognitive processes such as thinking, problem solving and learning. • Regulation of emotions and personality traits. The outer layer of the Cerebrum, called the cerebral cortex, is made of grey matter and has extensive folding to increase surface area. The Cerebellum The Cerebellum is located at the back of the Brain, below the Cerebrum. It is divided into two hemispheres and has a folded surface. It primarily performs the following functions: • Coordination and fine-tuning of voluntary movements. • Maintenance of balance, posture and muscle tone. • Facilitation of motor learning. The Cerebellum receives input from sensory systems, the Spinalcord, and other Brain regions, allowing it to adjust motor performance according...

MCQs Q1: The plant hormone which is essential for cell division is: (a) Auxin (b) Cytokinin (c) Ethylene (d) Gibberellin Q2: The gap between two neurons is called _____ (a) Synapse (b) Axon (c) Synthesise (d) Dendron Q3: A potted plant is kept in a room. It starts to bend towards the direction of light. This type of movement is known as (a) Photographism (b) Photoperiodism (c) Phototropism (d) Photocynism Q4: Tropic movements are (a) in response to light (b) in response to gravity (c) non-directional (d) unidirectional Q5: ____________ is a growthinhibitorhormone in plants (a) Auxin (b) Cytokinin (c) Abscicic acid (d) Gibberellic acid Q6: Part of the brain that controls respiration, heart beat and peristalsis us (a) Medulla Oblongata (b) Pons (c) Cerebrum (d) Cerebellum Q7: The direction of impulse in a typical neuron is (a) Axon to dendron (b) Dendron to axon (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these Q8: Which body organ is surrounded by meninges (a) Brain and Spinal cord (b) Brain and Heart (c) Spinal Cord and Lungs (d) Heart and Lungs Q9: Gustatory receptors are specialized in detecting ______ (a) Taste (b) light (c) Smell (d) Touch Q10: The seat of intelligence and voluntary actions in the brain is (a) Cerebellum (b) Cerebrum (c) Medulla Oblongata (d) Diencephalon Answers: 1: (b) Cytokinin 2: (a) Synapse 3: (c) Phototropism 4: (d) unidirectional 5: (c) Abscicic acid 6: (a) Medulla Oblongata 7: (b) Dendron to axon 8: (a) Brain and Spinal cord 9: (a) Taste 10: (b) Cerebrum ...

Cerebrum is the main part of the brain, which helps in thinking, and processing information, and memory, and what-not. It's the center of human intelligence. Hypothalamus has many vital, like so-important-you-can't-live-without-it functions like: • releasing hormones for the pituitary gland to produce growth hormones, • regulating body temperature, • controlling emotions like hunger, thirst, lust etc. Pituitary gland is the master gland of our body. And as the name suggests, it: • regulates the work of all other endocrine glands, and • releases the Growth-Stimulating Hormone (GSH), which results in the height and basically, the overall growth of the body. Hope this helps and if I'm mistaken, I apologize and please let me know. :) Diencephalon consists of pineal gland, thalamus and hypothalamus. Pineal gland is located near the centre of the brain. It releases melatonin which affects the wake and sleep patterns. It also affects reproduction development. Thalamus gland is located above the brain stem which relays sensory and motor signals to the brain (specifically, the cerebral cortex). Hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain near the pituitary gland. It plays an important role in the release of many hormones.For example, when the level of growth hormone is low, the hypothalamus releases growth-hormone-releasing-factor which stimulates the pituitary gland to release the growth hormone. It also regulates body temperature. hope this explanation helped you and if ther...

The brain has three such major regions:- • Fore brain • Mid brain • Hind brain. Forebrain • It is the part associated with thinking . • The various sensory receptors discussed above receive the inputs. • There are various regions in the forebrain that perform the same. • The stimuli sensed and information already available in the brain are put together and interpreted. • Cerebrum • Large outer part of the brain. • Controls reading, speaking, hearing, thinking, vision, learning, emotions, and other senses. Now these stimuli are associated with the sense organs in our body. • But, how do you feel hungry and once you eat enough food, how do you feel full? • This is associated with another center in the forebrain known as Hypothalamus. • The Hypothalamus controls human appetite. • Another important part of the forebrain is the pituitary gland . • It is referred to as the “master gland”. • It monitors and regulates many bodily functions through the hormones that it produces. • Midbrain and Hindbrain • The actions that happen without thinking are called involuntary actions. • Blood pressure, salivation and vomiting are controlled by the medulla in the hind-brain. • The precision of voluntary actions is the responsibility of the cerebellum in the hindbrain. • Cerebellum is also responsible for balance and posture of the body. • The brain continues with the spinal cord by the Brainstem or Medulla Oblongata. • Connects cerebrum with the spinal cord • Includes the midbrain, pons and...