Ischemic heart disease pathophysiology

https://med.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fmed.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FAnatomy_and_Physiology%2FAnatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)%2F29%253A_APPENDIX_A%253A_Diseases_Injuries_and_Disorders_of_the_Organ_Systems%2F29.9%253A_Diseases_and_Disorders_of_the_Heart%2F29.9C%253A_Myocardial_Ischemia_and_Infarction Expand/collapse global hierarchy • Home • Bookshelves • Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy and Physiology (Boundless) • 29: APPENDIX A: Diseases, Injuries, and Disorders of the Organ Systems • 29.9: Diseases and Disorders of the Heart • 29.9C: Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction Expand/collapse global location \( \newcommand\) • • • • • • • Ischemic heart disease is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, usually due to atherosclerosis, and can lead to a heart attack. Key Points • Ischemic heart disease (IHD), or myocardial ischaemia, is a disease characterized by ischaemia, or, reduced blood supply, to the heart muscle, usually due to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. • Coronary artery disease is the narrowing of the heart arteries due to atherosclerosis, the deposition of fat on the walls. If these deposits come loose, they can cause a clot that will block blood flow to the heart muscle, causing a myocardial infarction. • Symptoms of stable ischemic heart disease include angina, which is characteristic chest pain on exertion, and decreased exercise tolerance. Symptoms of myocardial infarction include acute chest pai...

Ischemic cardiomyopathy is an issue with damaged heart muscle that can’t pump blood well. Most of the time, coronary artery disease causes this damage by not allowing enough oxygen-rich blood to get to your heart muscle. Treatments range from medicines to surgeries. Your outlook depends on how much the lack of oxygen injured your heart muscle. Overview A lack of blood supply to heart muscle causes damage or ischemic cardiomyopathy. What is ischemic cardiomyopathy? Ischemic This lack of blood weakens and enlarges the left ventricle in people with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Because your left ventricle is your heart’s main Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the most common type of Symptoms and Causes What are the symptoms of ischemic cardiomyopathy? Ischemic cardiomyopathy symptoms may include: • • Swelling in your legs and feet ( • Fatigue that makes you unable to exercise or carry out everyday activities. • • Weight gain, cough and congestion related to fluid retention. • • • Some people may not have symptoms of ischemic cardiomyopathy. What causes ischemic cardiomyopathy? Causes of ischemic cardiomyopathy are conditions that damage your heart muscle due to low blood flow, such as: • • • Coronary • • • • What are the risk factors for ischemic cardiomyopathy? Major risk factors of heart disease can put you at an increased risk for cardiovascular (heart and blood vessel) disease and ischemic cardiomyopathy. These risk factors include: • Having a family history of heart disease. • Havin...

Coronary artery disease Coronary artery disease, also called ischaemic heart disease, happens when the major blood vessels in the heart get narrow and stiff. It can cause heart attacks and angina. Read about its symptoms, causes and its treatment. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common kind of heart disease. More than 170,000 people in New Zealand have it and it’s the main cause of Sometimes you’ll hear coronary artery disease called other names, like ischaemic heart disease (IHD), or coronary heart disease (CHD). Sometimes it’s just called heart disease. These are just different terms for the same condition. What is coronary artery disease? Coronary arteries are the blood vessels that take oxygenated blood to your heart muscle to keep it pumping. Coronary artery disease occurs when fatty material (plaque) builds up in these arteries. These streaks of fatty material cause the arteries to narrow and stiffen. The clinical term for this is atherosclerosis. As the arteries get narrower, it becomes harder for blood to reach the heart muscle. This sometimes causes pain or discomfort called If a piece of the plaque cracks, it may cause a blood clot to form. This stops the blood getting to part of the heart muscle. This is a heart attack (or myocardial infarction). Is coronary artery disease the same as cardiovascular disease? Coronary artery disease is a type of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is any disease or condition involving the heart and/or blood vessels. It in...

Ischemic heart disease is chest pain or discomfort that recurs when part of the heart muscle does not receive enough blood. “Ischemic” means a body part is not getting enough blood flow and, thus, oxygen. Plaque buildup on the walls of the coronary arteries causes ischemic heart disease. Symptoms of ischemic heart disease occur more often during periods of excitement or physical exertion but can also occur suddenly and without warning. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery. This article looks at ischemic heart disease and its symptoms, causes, and treatments. Read on to learn ways you can lower your risk of this form of heart disease. What is ischemic heart disease? Coronary heart disease and coronary artery disease are more common names for ischemic heart disease. According to the Trusted Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Governmental authority Trusted Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Governmental authority This disease most often occurs when cholesterol particles in the blood build up on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. Eventually, deposits called plaques may form. These plaques are a result of These deposits cause the arteries to narrow. This narrowing can block the flow of blood. This reduces the amount of oxygenated blood reaching the heart muscle. This process is called atherosclerosis. What does “ischemic” mean? “Ischemic” means a body part is not getti...

Abstract Importance Recent clinical and imaging studies underscore that major adverse cardiac events (MACE) outcomes are associated not solely with severe coronary obstructions (ischemia hypothesis or stenosis hypothesis), but with the plaque burden along the entire coronary tree. New research clarifies the pathobiologic mechanisms responsible for plaque development/progression/destabilization leading to MACE (plaque hypothesis), but the translation of these insights to clinical management strategies has lagged. This narrative review elaborates the plaque hypothesis and explicates the current understanding of underlying pathobiologic mechanisms, the provocative destabilizing influences, the diagnostic and therapeutic implications, and their actionable clinical management approaches to optimize the management of patients with chronic coronary disease. Observations Clinical trials of management strategies for patients with chronic coronary artery disease demonstrate that while MACE rate increases progressively with the anatomic extent of coronary disease, revascularization of the ischemia-producing obstruction does not forestall MACE. Most severely obstructive coronary lesions often remain quiescent and seldom destabilize to cause a MACE. Coronary lesions that later provoke acute myocardial infarction often do not narrow the lumen critically. Invasive and noninvasive imaging can identify the plaque anatomic characteristics (plaque burden, plaque topography, lipid content) an...