Protozoa examples

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What is a protozoan infection? Protozoan infections are infections caused by microscopic one-celled organisms that were formerly classified in the Kingdom Protozoa. This terminology is discouraged in the modern biosciences but still encountered in medicine. They are an extremely diverse and unique group. Those that are infectious to humans may be classified into superclasses according to their mode of movement, for example: • Sarcodina – the ameba (for example, Entamoeba). These move by changing their body shape, forming extensions called pseudopods (“false feet”) • Mastigophora – the flagellates (for example, Giardia, Leishmania). These use flagella (slender, thread-like structures) like oars or to create waves to move • Ciliophora – the ciliates (for example, Balantidium). These have hundreds of tiny cilia (minute hair-like projections) that beat in unison to propel them forwards or backward • Sporozoa – these are immobile organisms (for example, Plasmodium, Cryptosporidium). These organisms are free-living or parasitic. They are found worldwide in most habitats. Infections range from symptomless to life-threatening depending on the species and strain of the parasite and the immunity of the host. How are protozoan infections transmitted? Protozoan infections are usually contracted by an insect vector or after contact with an infected substance or surface. For example: • Protozoa that live in the human intestine are transmitted to other humans through the fecal-oral route...

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ADVERTISEMENTS: The following points highlight the top nine examples of protozoa. The examples are: 1. Giardia 2. Trypanosoma 3. Trichonympha 4. Leishmania 5. Entamoeba 6. Plasmodium 7. Toxoplasma 8. Paramecium 9. Tetrahymena. Protozoa: Example # 1. Giardia: The genus belongs to the Phylum Sarcomastigophora, Sub-phylum Mastigophora and class Zoomastigophora. In the classification based on r-RNA homology, the genus is placed in the Archaezoa. The organisms are amitochondriate. Giardia intestinalis (= Giardia lamblia) is an intestinal parasite causing diarrhoeal diseases in man. It exists in a feeding vegetative form, known as trophozoites or as cysts. The trophozoites measure about 14 μm in length and 7 μm in breadth and have eight flagella and two prominent nuclei (Fig. 5.49). There is also a large characteristic sucking organ by which they attach to the intestinal wall. They grow generally in the small intestine of humans and other animals. Cysts are slightly smaller, oval and thick walled. Infection occurs by ingestion of cysts through food and water. The cysts migrate with ingested food to the small intestine where they produce trophozoites. After 4 to 7 days, the trophozoites are transformed into cysts and are excreted in feces. Thus, Giardia has a simple life-cycle having only two types of growth form — an active trophozoite stage and an inactive cyst stage. Protozoa: Example # 2. Trypanosoma : ADVERTISEMENTS: Trypanosomes are flagellated protozoa placed classically i...

• Biology • Biological Organisms • Protozoa Protozoa Did you know that the term protozoa means "first animals"? According to scientists, protozoa were probably the dominant form of life on earth 1.5 billion years ago. However, they remained undiscovered until the 1670s, when Anton van Leeuwenhoek was able to see the bacteria and protozoa using a microscope! Read on if you want to learn more about protozoa! Let's start… Protozoa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular, motile, and heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms tha...

The word protozoa comes from the word protos, Greek for "first," and zoia, which meant "animal." It was first coined in the 1800s. Before then, the microscopic protozoa, defined by their organelles, could not be fully appreciated. Protozoan Diseases Common infectious diseases caused by protozoans include: Common protozoan infectious diseases include malaria, giardia, and toxoplasmosis. Less common diseases include African trypanosomiasis and Amoebic dysentery. Each condition affects the body differently. Detecting Infections Unlike other pathogens, cultures do not identify protozoa. However, sometimes you can see them under a microscope inside red blood cells (as in malaria) or in the stool (as in giardia and E. histolytica). Summary Protozoa are single-celled organisms that can sometimes cause diseases. Common protozoan diseases include malaria, giardia, and toxoplasmosis. Diagnosing protozoan illness may involve blood tests, stool tests, or biopsies, depending on which protozoa a healthcare provider suspects. Treatment varies based on the cause. • Capela R, Moreira R, Lopes F. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Nov;20(22):5748. doi:10.3390/ijms20225748 • Hooshyar H, Rostamkhani P, Arbabi M, Delavari M. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2019;12(1):3-12. • World Health Organization. • Andrews KT, Fisher G, Skinner-Adams TS. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist. 2014;4(2):95–111. doi:10.1016/j.ijpddr.2014.02.002 • De waal T. • Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. • Centers for Disease C...

Amoeba without any specific shape and external organelles for movement. • Amoeba is a protozoan that has no specific shape. It is the most common protozoan found in freshwater. • They live independently and move in search of food. Most freshwater protozoa are microscopic. • They cannot be viewed with naked eyes and need the help of a microscope. But, the marine amoebas are big in size comparatively and are visible to the naked eye. • The structure is so simple, with no specialized appendages or sexual parts. • They move by pseudopodia, which are the extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. • The cell has a contractile vacuole, which helps to remove excess water from the cell. • Since the cell cytoplasm is more hypertonic than the surrounding fresh water, the water tends to accumulate inside the cell. • The vacuole expels this accumulating water out. • They do not have a mouth but engulf solid particles by • They also drink dissolved forms of liquid nutrients by pinocytosis. Their food includes live microbes like bacteria and also dead organic matter. • They reproduce by binary fission asexually. But recent studies showed them even to have Euglena with both plant and animal-like features • This is an eye-shaped freshwater protozoan. • They impart the green color to the water ponds when grown extensively. • Unlike amoeba, they have well developed with • Unlike amoeba, they can act as autotrophs, as they make their own food. • The eyespot contains chlorophyll-like pigme...

\( \newcommand\) • • • • • • Animal-Like Protists: Protozoa Animal-like protists are commonly called protozoa (singular, protozoan). Most protozoa consist of a single cell. They are animal-like because they are heterotrophs, and are capable of moving. Although protozoa are not animals, they are thought to be the ancestors of animals. Ecology of Protozoa Protozoa generally feed by engulfing and digesting other organisms. As consumers, they have various roles in food chains and webs. Some are predators. They prey upon other single-celled organisms, such as bacteria. In fact, protozoa predators keep many bacterial populations under control. Other protozoa are herbivores. They graze on algae. Still others are decomposers. They consume dead organic matter. There are also parasitic protozoa that live in or on living hosts. For example, the protozoan that causes malaria lives inside a human host. Protozoa are also important food sources for many larger organisms, including insectsand worms.