Super antigen

Antibodies responding to coronavirus particle. Illustration of antibodies (Y-shaped) responding to a coronavirus infection. Different strains of coronavirus are responsible for diseases such as the common cold, gastroenteritis and SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome). The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The virus causes a mild respiratory illness (Covid-19) that can develop into pneumonia and be fatal in some cases. As of March 2020, the virus has spread to many countries worldwide and has been declared a pandemic. Hundreds of thousands have been infected with tens of thousands of deaths. The coronaviruses take their name from their crown (corona) of surface proteins, which are used to attach and penetrate their host cells. Once inside the cells, the particles use the cells' machinery to make more copies of the virus. Antibodies bind to specific antigens, for instance viral proteins, marking them for destruction by phagocyte immune cells. National Geographic recently interviewed Moshe Arditi, MD, professor of Pediatrics and Biomedical Sciences at Cedars-Sinai, about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a serious condition that can affect some younger COVID-19 patients and may be linked to a similar condition in adults. Early signs of multisystem inflammatory syndrome include fever, rashes, abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. Although the condition is rare, it can worsen quickly and sometimes be fatal. When doct...

any of a group of powerful antigens occurring in various bacteria and viruses that bind outside of the normal T cell receptor site and are able to react with multiple T cell receptor molecules, thus activating T cells nonspecifically. Included are staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxins causing toxic shock syndrome and exfoliative dermatitis. An antigen that interacts with the T-cell receptor in a domain outside the antigen recognition site. This interaction induces the activation of larger numbers of T cells than are induced by antigens that are presented in the antigen recognition site leading to the release of numerous cytokines. A single superantigen may potentially activate as much as 15% of the lymphocytic repertoire. See also: The development of these foamy macrophages is thought to be triggered by cytokines from the inflamed intima or by a superantigen. Therefore, inflammatory reactions are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of this disease.12 Unlike other types of xanthomatous disorders, patients with XD usually show normal lipid profiles. (30) Despite the fact that these genes are carried by mobile genetic elements and, thus, could theoretically be present or absent in different isolates of a specific lineage, the existence of a correlation of a specific clone type and superantigen profiles, in a hospital or in a geographical area, should be investigated in order to trace potential staphylococcal virulence syndrome-associated isolates. • • • • • Copyright...

×Top Health Categories • Coronavirus Disease COVID-19 • Gastrointestinal Health • Artificial Intelligence • Heart Disease • Mpox • High Blood Pressure • Allergies • Lung Cancer • Alzheimer's & Dementia • Mental Health • Arthritis & Rheumatology • Pregnancy • Breast Cancer • Type 1 Diabetes • Cold, Flu & Cough • Type 2 Diabetes • Diet & Nutrition • Sexual Health • Eating Disorders • Sleep • Eye Health • By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D. Mar 29 2022 Reviewed by Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), scientists have been conducting extensive studies to understand various aspects of the virus. Researchers have stated that SARS-CoV-2 manifests several biological and clinical consequences of a superantigen. Therefore, a new study published in the journal ​​​​​​​ Perspective: Superantigen: A Brief Overview Superantigens are proteins that hyper-stimulate immune responses. These proteins may trigger Hyperstimulation of T cells may lead to several outcomes, such as inflammation, cytotoxicity, deletion of T-cells, and autoimmunity. Previous studies have also reported that superantigens can impair post-vaccination memory cell responses to unrelated ​​​​​​​Potential mechanisms to induce a superantigenic host response and possible clinical outcomes. In the context of Dengue Virus (DENV) infection, activation of T lymphocytes influences the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Interes...